Chapter 24 (EYE) - Histoworld

Question 1

What is Bruch’s membrane?

a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer 1

d. Lamina vitrea

• The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle. The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
  The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
  The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
  The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.

Question 2

What are neurons in the retina?

a. Unipolar
b. Pseudounipolar
c. Bipolar
d. Multipolar
e. Both a and b

Answer 2

c. Bipolar

• The neurons in the retina are bipolar. Neurons can be classified based on the number of axons and dendrites stemming off of the cell body. A unipolar neuron has one process which branches off of it This process then immediately divides into two. Thus, a unipolar neuron is sometimes also called a pseudounipolar neuron. Sensory neurons are unipolar.
  A bipolar neuron has two process that branch from it: an axon and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons are not very common and are found in some of the organs for special senses. Bipolar neurons are found in the retina, inner ear, and the region of the nose involved with smell.
  Multipolar neurons have one axon and many (at least two) dendrites that branch off of it. Most neurons are multipolar. Motor neurons and interneurons are multipolar.

Question 3

Which structure is transparent?

a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Cornea

Answer 3

e. Cornea

* The cornea is transparent.

Question 4

Which of the following is the receptor for color?

a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Horizontal cells

Answer 4

b. Cones

• The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.
  The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.

Question 5

What is responsible for adjusting the lens?

a. Choroid
b. Ciliary muscle
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera

Answer 5

b. Ciliary muscle
* The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.

Question 6

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye?

a. Os
b. Optic chiasm
c. Lamina cribrosa
d. Optic disc
e. Ora serrata

Answer 6

d. Optic disc
* An os is an opening or mouth. The optic chiasm is the anatomical region shaped like an “X” where the two optic nerves join. The region where the optic nerve exits the eye is the optic disc. The openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit is the lamina cribrosa. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata.

Question 7

Which of the following is a type of neuron?

a. Rods
b. Ganglion cells
c. Cones
d. Pigmented epithelium
e. Supporting cells

Answer 7

b. Ganglion cells
* The retina contains receptor cells, neurons, pigmented epithelium and supporting cells. The nervous element in the retina consists of bipolar cells and ganglion cells.

Question 8

What is the space anterior to the iris?

a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c

Answer 8

a. Anterior chamber
* The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.

Question 9

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea?

a. Epithelium
b. Endothelium
c. Descemet’s membrane
d. Substantia propria
e. Bowman’s membrane

Answer 9

d. Substantia propria

• There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
  The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.

Question 10

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball?

a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer 10

b. Optic disc

• The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle. The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
  The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
  The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
  The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.

Question 11

What are the receptors for vision?

a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Both a and b

Answer 11

e. Both a and b
* The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.

Question 12

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer 12

a. Ciliary body
* The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle. The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field. The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity. The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane. The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.

Question 13

Where is the ciliary muscle located?

a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera

Answer 13

b. Ciliary body
* The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.

Question 14

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit?

a. Os
b. Optic chiasm
c. Lamina cribrosa
d. Optic disc
e. Ora serrata

Answer 14

c. Lamina cribrosa
* An os is an opening or mouth. The optic chiasm is the anatomical region shaped like an “X” where the two optic nerves join. The region where the optic nerve exits the eye is the optic disc. The openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit is the lamina cribrosa. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina?

a. Receptor cells
b. Neurons
c. Pigmented epithelium
d. Ciliary body
e. Supporting cells

Answer 15

d. Ciliary body
* The retina contains receptor cells, neurons, pigmented epithelium and supporting cells. The nervous element in the retina consists of bipolar cells and ganglion cells.

Question 16

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens?

a. Internal oblique muscle
b. Orbicularis oculi
c. Tarsus
d. Ciliary muscle
e. Levator muscle

Answer 16

d. Ciliary muscle

* The ciliary muscle is within the ciliary body. The ciliary muscle adjusts the shape of the lens.

Question 17

What is the inner layer of the choroid?

a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer 17

d. Lamina vitrea
* The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle. The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field. The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity. The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane. The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.

Question 18

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into?

a. Canaliculi
b. Canal of Hering
c. Canal of Muller
d. Canal of Descemet
e. Canal of Schlemm

Answer 18

e. Canal of Schlemm

* Aqueous humor collected from the anterior chamber via the canal of Schlemm.

Question 19

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. Epithelium
b. Endothelium
c. Descemet’s membrane
d. Substantia propria
e. None of the above

Answer 19

c. Descemet’s membrane

• There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
  The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.

Question 20

Which structure is avascular?

a. Retina
b. Cornea
c. Choroid
d. Sclera
e. Uvea

Answer 20

b. Cornea

* The cornea is avascular.

Question 21

During the American Revolution, in the battle of Bunker Hill, an officer instructed his troops: “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”. What anatomical structure was he referring to?

a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera

Answer 21

e. Sclera
* The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.

Question 22

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity?

a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer 22

c. Fovea centralis

• The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle. The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
  The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
  The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
  The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.

Question 23

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens?

a. Zonular fibers
b. Purkinje fibers
c. Elastic fibers
d. Spiral ligament
e. Oval ligament

Answer 23

a. Zonular fibers

* The zonular fibers are the suspensory ligament of the lens.

Question 24

Which layer of the cornea is acellular?

a. Bowman’s membrane
b. Substantia propria
c. Epithelium
d. Endothelium
e. All of the above

Answer 24

a. Bowman’s membrane

• There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
  The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.

Question 25

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

Answer 25

c. 3

The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.

Question 26

What type of glands are the glands of Moll?

a. Endocrine gland
b. Apocrine sweat gland
c. Oil gland
d. Sebaceous glands
e. Eccrine sweat gland

Answer 26

b. Apocrine sweat gland

* The glands of Moll in the eyelid are apocrine sweat glands.

Question 27

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. Ora serrata
b. Pigmented epithelium
c. Cornea
d. Sclera
e. Ciliary body

Answer 27

e. Ciliary body

* The uvea is the middle layer of the eyeball. It consists of the iris, choroid and ciliary body.

Question 28

What is the space anterior to the lens?

a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c

Answer 28

d. Both a and b
* The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.

Question 29

What is the vascular pigmented structure?

a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Lens

Answer 29

a. Choroid
* The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.

Question 30

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea?

a. Simple squamous
b. Stratified squamous
c. Simple cuboidal
d. Simple columnar
e. Transitional epithelium

Answer 30

b. Stratified squamous

* The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 31

What structure was Crystal Gayle referring to when she sang, “Don’t it make my brown eyes blue”?

a. Pupil
b. Lens
c. Cornea
d. Iris
e. Retina

Answer 31

d. Iris

* The iris is the colored part of the eyes.

Question 32

What makes up the bulk of the cornea?

a. Purkinje fibers
b. Myofibrils
c. Elastic fibers
d. Reticular fibers
e. Collagen fibers

Answer 32

c. Elastic fibers

* The cornea is composed primarily of collagen fibers.

Question 33

What is the middle layer of the eyeball?

a. Uvea
b. Rods
c. Cones
d. Bipolar cells
e. Ganglion cells

Answer 33

a. Uvea

• The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.
  The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.

Question 34

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called?

a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera

Answer 34

d. Ora serrata
* The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.

Question 35

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. Henle’s layer
b. Bipolar cells
c. Amacrine cells
d. Rods
e. Ganglion cells

Answer 35

a. Henle’s layer

• Bipolar cells, amacrine cells, rods, and ganglion cells are all part of the retina.
  Henle’s layer is a layer in the hair follicle.

Question 36

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. Ora serrata
b. Pigmented epithelium
c. Choroid
d. Cornea
e. Sclera

Answer 36

c. Choroid

* The uvea is the middle layer of the eyeball. It consists of the iris, choroid and ciliary body.

Question 37

What is the space posterior to the lens?

a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c

Answer 37

c. Vitreal cavity
* The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.

Question 38

Where is the blind spot?

a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer 38

b. Optic disc

• The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle. The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
  The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
  The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
  The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.

Question 39

How many layers does the retina have?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 5
e. 10

Answer 39

e. 10

* There are ten layers to the retina.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea?

a. Bowman’s membrane
b. Substantia propria
c. Descemet’s membrane
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Endothelium

Answer 40

d. Lamina vitrea

• There are five layers to the cornea: epithelium, Bowman’s membrane, substantia propria, Descemet’s membrane, and endothelium.
  The surface of the cornea is covered by a non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Bowman’s membrane and Descemet’s membrane are acellular. The majority of the cornea is from the substantia propria. The endothelium is a simple epithelium.
  The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.

Question 41

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors?

a. Ciliary body
b. Optic disc
c. Fovea centralis
d. Lamina vitrea
e. Lamina cribrosa

Answer 41

b. Optic disc

• The ciliary body is a thickening in the uvea. It contains the ciliary muscle. The site where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball is the optic disc. This region is also called the anatomical blind spot. Since there are no photoreceptors at this spot, it causes a blind spot in the visual field.
  The fovea centralis is part of the retina. There are only cone cells in the fovea centralis. It is the site for maximal visual acuity.
  The inner layer of the choroid is the lamina vitrea. The lamina vitrea is also referred to as Bruch’s membrane.
  The lamina cribrosa are small openings within the sclera where the fibers forming the optic nerve travel through.

Question 42

What makes up the bulk of the sclera?

a. Purkinje fibers
b. Myofibrils
c. Elastic fibers
d. Reticular fibers
e. Collagen fibers

Answer 42

e. Collagen fibers

* The sclera is composed primarily of collagen fibers.

Question 43

Which is NOT part of the retina?

a. Rods
b. Cones
c. Bipolar cells
d. Ganglion cells
e. Uvea

Answer 43

e. Uvea

• The eyeball has three layers. The innermost layer is the retina. The middle layer is the uvea. The outer layer is the sclera and cornea.
  The retina consists of the rods, cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells. The receptors for vision are the rods and cones. The rods are located on the periphery, and are not color sensitive. The cones are the receptors for color.

Question 44

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea?

a. Choroid
b. Ciliary body
c. Iris
d. Ora serrata
e. Sclera

Answer 44

c. Iris
* The vascular pigmented structure of the uvea is the choroid. The ciliary body contains the ciliary muscle. The ciliary muscle is responsible for adjusting the lens. The most anterior portion of the uvea is the iris. The anterior pigmented portion of the retina is called the ora serrata. The sclera is the “white of the eye”.

Question 45

Which one of the following is not found in the retina?

a. Pigment epithelium
b. Muller’s cells
c. Huxley’s layer
d. Horizontal cells
e. Cones

Answer 45

c. Huxley’s layer

• Pigment epithelium, Muller’s cells, horizontal cells, and cones cells are all part of the retina.
  Huxley’s layer is a layer in the hair follicle.

Question 46

Which structure is part the uvea?

a. Sclera
b. Iris
c. Ora serrata
d. Pigmented epithelium
e. Cornea

Answer 46

b. Iris

The uvea is the middle layer of the eyeball. It consists of the iris, choroid and ciliary body.

Question 47

What is the space posterior to the iris?

a. Anterior chamber
b. Posterior chamber
c. Vitreal cavity
d. Both a and b
e. All of a, b, and c

Answer 47

b. Posterior chamber
* The region behind the lens is the vitreal cavity. The chambers anterior to the lens are the anterior chamber and posterior chamber. The iris separates the anterior chamber from the posterior chamber.