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HISTOLOGY - 1st Year 1st Sem Comprehensive Exam > Chapter 8 (BONE) - Histoworld > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (BONE) - Histoworld Flashcards

1
Q

What is compact bone?

a. Dense bone
b. Woven bone
c. Immature bone
d. Cancellous bone
e. Spongy bone

A

a. Dense bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

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2
Q

What cell is involved in bone resorption?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

a. Osteoclast
* An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell. An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna. An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.

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3
Q

What type of basic tissue type is bone?

a. Epithelium
b. Connective tissue
c. Muscle
d. Nervous
e. Bone

A

b. Connective tissue
* Of the four basic tissue types (epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nervous tissue), connective tissue is the most diverse. Bone is a type of connective tissue.

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4
Q

What is woven bone?

a. Cancellous bone
b. Compact bone
c. Dense bone
d. Immature bone
e. Spongy bone

A

d. Immature bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

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5
Q

What are the spicules on spongy bone called?

a. Canaliculi
b. Sharpey’s fibers
c. Trabeculae
d. Tome’s process
e. Lacuna

A

c. Trabeculae
* Canaliculi are the little tunnels within bone. Sharpey’s fibers are collagen fibers that extend into a bone at an angle. Trabeculae are the spicules seen with spongy bone. Tome’s process is seen in teeth, this process is responsible for enamel production. An osteocyte rests in a space called a lacuna.

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6
Q

Which cell type is responsible for bone breakdown?

a. Chondrocyte
b. Chondroblast
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoclast
e. Bone lining cell

A

d. Osteoclast
* The mature cell in cartilage is a chondrocyte. It rests in a lacunae surrounded by matrix. A chondroblast is an immature cartilage cell which produces the cartilaginous matrix. An osteocyte is a mature bone cell. An osteoclast is a bone cell which is involved in resorption of bone. A bone lining cell is a resting osteoblast.

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7
Q

What is bone formation called when the bone is formed directly, without using a cartilage template?

a. Intraosseous
b. En bloc
c. Intramembranous
d. Endochondral
e. Endosteum

A

c. Intramembranous
* Intramembranous bone formation is the process of bone formation where the bone is formed without a cartilage template. Endochondral bone formation is the process of bone formation where the bone is formed using a cartilage template.

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8
Q

What forms the epiphyseal growth plate?

a. Elastic cartilage
b. Fibrocartilage
c. Hyaline cartilage
d. Compact bone
e. Spongy bone

A

c. Hyaline cartilage

* Hyaline cartilage forms the epiphyseal growth plate.

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9
Q

Which type of bone has spicules?

a. Immature bone
b. Dense bone
c. Compact bone
d. Cancellous bone
e. Woven bone

A

d. Cancellous bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

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10
Q

What sits in a lacuna?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

c. Osteocyte

  • An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell. An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna.
    An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.
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11
Q

What is dense bone?

a. Immature bone
b. Cancellous bone
c. Compact bone
d. Woven bone
e. Spongy bone

A

d. Woven bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

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12
Q

Which cell is a resting osteoblast?

a. Chondrocyte
b. Chondroblast
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoclast
e. Bone lining cell

A

e. Bone lining cell
* The mature cell in cartilage is a chondrocyte. It rests in a lacunae surrounded by matrix. A chondroblast is an immature cartilage cell which produces the cartilaginous matrix. An osteocyte is a mature bone cell. An osteoclast is a bone cell which is involved in resorption of bone. A bone lining cell is a resting osteoblast.

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13
Q

What are the mineral crystals in bone called?

a. Hydroxyapatite
b. Calcite
c. Tourmaline
d. Rubellite
e. Indicolite

A

a. Hydroxyapatite

  • Calcium is in a mineral structure in bone and tooth enamel called hydroxyapatite. The chemical formula is [Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2]
    Calcite crystals are calcium carbonate. The main component of limestone is calcite and seashells are made of calcite. However, calcite crystals are not found in man.
    Tourmaline is a crystal found in nature. Pink-red tourmaline is called rubellite. Blue tourmaline is known as indicolite. Tourmaline crystals are not found in man, although sometimes they are found on the necks and fingers of women in the form of jewelry.
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14
Q

What is the cylindrical structure in compact bone?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

b. Osteon

  • An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell. An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna.
    An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.
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15
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibers?

a. Elastic fibers
b. Collagen fibers
c. Reticular fibers
d. Trabeculae
e. Dense regular connective tissue

A

b. Collagen fibers

* Sharpey’s fibers are collagen fibers that extend into a bone at an angle.

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16
Q

What is the space that an osteocyte rests in?

a. Canaliculi
b. Sharpey’s fibers
c. Trabeculae
d. Tome’s process
e. Lacuna

A

e. Lacuna

  • Canaliculi are the little tunnels within bone.
    Sharpey’s fibers are collagen fibers that extend into a bone at an angle. Trabeculae are the spicules seen with spongy bone.
    Tome’s process is seen in teeth, this process is responsible for enamel production.
    An osteocyte rests in a space called a lacuna.
17
Q

What is bone formation called when the bone is formed from a cartilage template?

a. Intraosseous
b. En bloc
c. Intramembranous
d. Endochondral
e. Endosteum

A

d. Endochondral
* Intramembranous bone formation is the process of bone formation where the bone is formed without a cartilage template. Endochondral bone formation is the process of bone formation where the bone is formed using a cartilage template.

18
Q

What is the primary component of red marrow?

a. Hematopoietic tissue
b. Fat
c. Cartilage
d. Fibrous tissue
e. Bone

A

a. Hematopoietic Tissue

* Red marrow contains active hematopoietic tissue. Yellow marrow is primarily fat.

19
Q

What cell is an immature bone cell?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

d. Osteoblast
* An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell. An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna. An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.

20
Q

What is bundle bone?

a. Cancellous bone
b. Compact bone
c. Dense bone
d. Spongy bone
e. Immature bone

A

e. Immature bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

21
Q

What is cancellous bone?

a. Dense bone
b. Woven bone
c. Immature bone
d. Compact bone
e. Spongy bone

A

e. Spongy bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

22
Q

What cell is involved in laying down new bone?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

d. Osteoblast

  • An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell. An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna.
    An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.
23
Q

What is in the bone matrix?

a. Elastic fibers
b. Collagen fibers
c. Reticular fibers
d. Dense irregular connective tissue
e. Dense regular connective tissue

A

b. Collagen fibers
* The matrix of bone is mineralized. Within the matrix are collagen fibers and proteoglycans. Elastic fibers and reticular fibers are types of fibers seen in connective tissue. However, collagen fibers are the fibers found in bone. Although bone is classified as a connective tissue, it is not classified nor is it composed of dense irregular connective tissue. Dense irregular tissue is seen in the dermis. Bone is not classified nor is it composed of dense regular connective tissue. Dense regular connective tissue is seen in tendons and ligaments.

24
Q

What are the small tunnels seen in bone?

a. Canaliculi
b. Sharpey’s fibers
c. Trabeculae
d. Tome’s process
e. Lacuna

A

a. Canaliculi

  • Canaliculi are the little tunnels within bone.
    Sharpey’s fibers are collagen fibers that extend into a bone at an angle. Trabeculae are the spicules seen with spongy bone.
    Tome’s process is seen in teeth, this process is responsible for enamel production. An osteocyte rests in a space called a lacuna.
25
Q

What is the hollow area underneath an osteoclast called?

a. Space of Disse
b. Space of Mall
c. Vacuole
d. Lacuna
e. Howship’s lacuna

A

e. Howship’s lacuna

  • The space of Disse is in the liver. The space of Disse is also called the perisinusoidal space. It is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes. The space of Mall is also in the liver. The space of Mall is located at the portal canal and is the region between the connective tissue and the liver parenchymal cells. It is the site where lymph is formed within the liver. A vacuole is a small clear space within an individual cell. A lacuna is a small space or depression. The space that the chondrocyte rests in is a lacuna.
    Howship’s lacuna is seen in bone. Howship’s lacuna is a space seen underneath an osteoclast.
26
Q

What is the covering of a bone?

a. Perimysium
b. Periosteum
c. Perichondrium
d. Perineurium
e. Endosteum

A

b. Periosteum
* The perimysium is the connective tissue sheath which surrounds muscle fascicles. The periosteum is the connective tissue covering of a bone. The perichondrium is the connective tissue which surrounds cartilage. The perineurium is the covering of nerve fascicles. The endosteum is the lining of the inner bone (the side which abuts the medullary cavity).

27
Q

What forms the articular surface on bones?

a. Spongy bone
b. Compact bone
c. Hyaline cartilage
d. Elastic cartilage
e. Fibrocartilage

A

c. Hyaline cartilage

* Hyaline cartilage forms the articular surface on bones.

28
Q

What is the primary component of yellow marrow?

a. Hematopoietic tissue
b. Fat
c. Cartilage
d. Fibrous tissue
e. Bone

A

b. Fat

* Red marrow contains active hematopoietic tissue. Yellow marrow is primarily fat.

29
Q

What is another term for the Haversian system?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

b. Osteon
* An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell. An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna. An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.

30
Q

What is nonlamellar bone?

a. Woven bone
b. Dense bone
c. Cancellous bone
d. Compact bone
e. Spongy bone

A

a. Woven bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

31
Q

What is the mature bone cell called?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

c. Osteocyte
* An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell. An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna. An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.

32
Q

What is immature bone?

a. Dense bone
b. Woven bone
c. Cancellous bone
d. Compact bone
e. Spongy bone

A

b. Woven bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

33
Q

What is unmineralized bone matrix?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

e. Osteoid

  • An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell. An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna.
    An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.
34
Q

What are the collagen fibers that extend into bone at an angle called?

a. Canaliculi
b. Sharpey’s fibers
c. Trabeculae
d. Tome’s process
e. Lacuna

A

b. Sharpey’s fibers

  • Canaliculi are the little tunnels within bone.
    Sharpey’s fibers are collagen fibers that extend into a bone at an angle. Trabeculae are the spicules seen with spongy bone. Tome’s process is seen in teeth, this process is responsible for enamel production. An osteocyte rests in a space called a lacuna.
35
Q

Which cell is the mature bone cell?

a. Chondrocyte
b. Chondroblast
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoclast
e. Bone lining cell

A

c. Osteocyte
* The mature cell in cartilage is a chondrocyte. It rests in a lacunae surrounded by matrix. A chondroblast is an immature cartilage cell which produces the cartilaginous matrix. An osteocyte is a mature bone cell. An osteoclast is a bone cell which is involved in resorption of bone. A bone lining cell is a resting osteoblast.

36
Q

What is the lining of the inner bone on the side which abuts the medullary cavity?

a. Perimysium
b. Periosteum
c. Perichondrium
d. Perineurium
e. Endosteum

A

e. Endosteum
* The perimysium is the connective tissue sheath which surrounds muscle fascicles. The periosteum is the connective tissue covering of a bone. The perichondrium is the connective tissue which surrounds cartilage. The perineurium is the covering of nerve fascicles. The endosteum is the lining of the inner bone (the side which abuts the medullary cavity).

37
Q

What forms the skeleton of the fetus?

a. Elastic cartilage
b. Hyaline cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
d. Spongy bone
e. Compact bone

A

b. Hyaline cartilage
* Hyaline cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus. The cartilage forms a template of the bones. Endochondral ossification will occur during the childhood, replacing the hyaline cartilage with bone.

38
Q

Which of the following is a multinucleated cell?

a. Osteoclast
b. Osteon
c. Osteocyte
d. Osteoblast
e. Osteoid

A

a. Osteoclast
* An osteoclast is a multinucleated cell involved in the degradation of bone. It is a bone resorbing cell.An osteon is the cylindrical structure with bone. An osteon is also called a Haversian system. The mature bone cell is called an osteocyte. It sits in a space, called a lacuna. An osteoblast is an immature bone cell. The osteoblast is the bone forming cell. Osteoid is unmineralized bone matrix.

39
Q

What is spongy bone

a. Immature bone
b. Compact bone
c. Cancellous bone
d. Dense bone
e. Woven bone

A

c. Cancellous bone
* Compact bone is also called dense bone. Compact bone has the Haversian system. Immature bone is woven bone. It is nonlamellar bone or bundle bone. Spongy bone is also referred to as cancellous bone. The mineralized tissue is seen as spicules. Marrow spaces are also present.

HISTOLOGY - 1st Year 1st Sem Comprehensive Exam (22 decks)

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