Pregnancy Nutrition Flashcards
What is poor weight gain during pregnancy associated with?
Low birth weight infants (under 5.5 lbs), preterm birth, SGA, and failure to start breastfeedings
What is excessive weight gain during pregnancy associated with?
Macrosomia, C-section birth, low APGAR, hypoglycemia, overweight children
How much should someone who is normal weight gain during pregnancy?
25-35 pounds
How much weight should be gained the 1st trimester?
1.1-4.4 pounds
After 1st trimester, how much weight should be gained per week?
0.8-1 lb
Who are women at risk for inadequate weight gain?
Young women, unmarried, low income, poor education, poor health, smokers, lack of prenatal care
What are some factors that influence nutrition?
Age, knowledge, exercise, culture
What specific minerals are good during pregnancy?
Iron, sodium, calcium
Why is folic acid good to take?
Neural tube deficit prevention
Why is seafood not good for pregnant women?
Risk of mercury & harmful chemicals. Can have 1 serving of tuna per week.
What foods should pregnant women avoid?
Raw & undercooked fish/meat/eggs. Lunch meat & hot dogs, soft cheese, or pâté.
What are some beverages pregnant women should stay away from?
Caffeine (only 1-2 cups a day), herbal supplements, toxic substances, OTC meds not approved
How much protein should be eaten a day?
75-100 grams (amino acids)
How much fat should be eaten a day?
30% caloric intake (gives energy, fatty acids)
What is the benefit of fats in newborns?
Increases vision and attention development
What is the benefit of fats in mothers?
Decrease risk of preterm delivery
What is the benefit of carb intake?
Main source of energy! Fetal growth & weight gain
What are some micronutrients good for pregnancy?
vitamins A, D, E, K, iodine. vitamin C, vitamin B. Folic acid. Iron, calcium, magnesium.
If a mom is lactating, how much extra calories should they eat & for how long?
330 calories for 6 months
How many calories are needed daily for non-pregnant requirements?
400 calories daily for second 6 months after birth
How many extra calories does woman need who is NOT breastfeeding?
None!
What are nutritional concerns during lactation?
Inadequate diet, teen years, veganism, dairy-free, alcohol, caffeine, excess fluid, etc.
