Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NPLEX II TIA > Pregnancy & Childbirth > Flashcards

Pregnancy & Childbirth Flashcards

1
Q

CPR compression/breath ratio infants

A

30:2 one person rescue
15:2 two ppl rescue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

At how many weeks does the fetus become viable to survive outside the womb?

A

26 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gravida vs Para

A

Gravida (get it on): total number of pregnancies (inc current)

Para (parents): number of deliveries after 20 weeks of pregnacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gestation is typically how many weeks?

A

40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

physiologic changes in pregnancy

A

inc HR
inc BV (can bleed out more before showing signs of shock)
BP could drop slightly (esp if supine)
slower GI motility (inc risk emesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

factors that contribute to a high risk pregnancy

A

age
no prenatal care
diabetes
HTN
drug/etoh abuse
smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is supine hypotensive syndrome? what are sx and tx?

A

the fetus on the inferior vena cava causes reduced blood flow back to the heart > dec BP

mother changes BP when laying on back, lightheadedness and syncope

tx: place motheron her side and push fetus off IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

def of abortion and spontaneous vs induced

A

expulsion of fetal tissue before 20th week

spontaneous: miscarriage due to natural causes
induced: purposeful termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sx abortion

A

vaginal bleeding
passing of tissue
cramping
shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where do 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur?

A

fallopian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

signs/sx and tx ectopic pregnancy

A

abdominal pain
vaginal bleeding
shock
CMT
palpable mass

RF: PID, STI, pelvic surgery, IUD use

workup: laparoscopy (definitive), US
tx: tx for shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is placenta previa? what are signs/sx?

A

the placenta grows over or near the cervical neck

total: completely covers internal os; partial, marginal (close but doesnt cover any part)

2nd and 3rd trimester bleeding (bright red)
painless
signs of shock

dx by US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is abrupto placenta? what are signs/sx?

A

previously normally implanted placenta is detached from the uterine wall after 20 wks > bleeding into the uterus

severe abdominal pain/uterine tenderness
contractions
PAINFUL vaginal bleeding that is dark (not always present)
shock (that can be out of proportion to noticable bleeding)

RF: HTN, maternal trauma, smoking, alcohol, cocaine, >35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the most common disorder of pregnancy, what causes it, and when does it develop?

A

gestational HTN (>140/90 after 20 wks); vasoconstriction > higher BP

do NOT rx ACE, propanolol, diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is pre-eclampsia/toxemia?

A

when HTN continues along with organ damage (CNS, pulmonary, renal) due to vasospasm and leaky capillaries

kidney effect > issues with BP regulation/water retention

usu last trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

signs/sx pre-eclampsia

A

HTN 140/90
edema (hands, face, ankles, feet, pulm edema)
neuro sx (HA, visual disturbances, confusion, hyperreflexia)
HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets) - can be seen without high BP too!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pre-eclampsia tx

A

ABCs
high flow O2
be ready for seizures
quiet transport

CCB, hydralazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the difference between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia?

A

pre-eclampsia: dBP >90-109 + proteinuria

eclampsia: dBP > 90 with seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tx eclampsia

A

ABCs
high flow O2
protect pt from injury
rapid transport
ALS for seizure control
phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a uterine rupture? what could cause it?

A

rupture of uterus expelling all or part of fetus into abdomen

occurs during labor, at risk mothers (multiple births, previous c sections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

uterine rupture signs/sx and tx

A

labor pain considerably dec or stops
signs of shock
possible abnormal shaping of the abdomen

ABCs
high flow O2
tx for shock
MAST are probably harmful
rapid transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

changes at onset of labor

A

braxton hicks contractions change to regular contractions w dec interval

effacement: cervix thins to allow the delivery
mucus plug expelled
membrane rupture and amniotic fluid expelled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stages of labor

A

first stage: contractions > infant in birth canal

second: infant delivery

third: placenta delivery

fourth: post delivery contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

signs of immanent childbirth

A

the need for a BM
urge to push
crowning
contractions 2 mins apart, 45 sec to 1 min in length

25
Q

APGAR Score components

A

Appearance (blue / pink)
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respirations

done at 1 min, 5 min, every 5 min if score <7

26
Q

what would be indications for bag valve mask or chest compressions?

A

bag valve mask: HR < 100, RR <30
CPR: HR < 60

27
Q

normal APGAR

A

7-10

28
Q

what is a breech presentation?

A

baby is positioned feet or butt first
deliverable baby unless head does not deliver quickly

29
Q

what is a prolapsed cord? what is tx?

A

cord is sticking out of vagina before head; caused by gush of amniotic fluid

attempt to slow/stop birth, position mother prone with butt elevated (knee chest position), to reduce pressure ; wait for EMS

30
Q

ddx lactation disorders

A

galactocele
lactating adenoma
pregnancy associated breast CA

31
Q

what is contraindicated in placenta previa?

A

vaginal exam (inc risk hemorrhage)

32
Q

what is postpartum hemorrhage defined as and how do you treat it?

A

> 500 mL blood loss within first 24 hour PP

tx: monitor vitals, IV oxytocin, raise legs, keep pt warm, oxygen, ER

33
Q

what is precipitous birth? what complications can arise?

A

rapid labor <3 hrs from start of contractions

inc risk hemorrhage

34
Q

at what gestational week is preterm labor?

A

20-36 weeks

35
Q

at how long is a placenta considered retained? what could a retained placenta lead to?

A

within 30 mins; will lead to hemorrhage

36
Q

tx for rh factor incompatibility

A

IM Rhogam

37
Q

what is a threatened/spontaneous abortion? when is it considered an emergency?

A

naturally occurs >20 weeks, onset usually 8-12 weeks

due to placental insufficiency in producing progesterone

if pt soaking more than 2 pads w blood per hour > ER

38
Q

what is the most common condition during pregnancy? tx?

A

UTI; amoxicillin

39
Q

when does gestational diabetes occur and why?

A

24-28 weeks
placenta produced anti-insulin factors and high maternal cortisol levels

40
Q

RF for gestational diabetes

A

> 25
fhx diabetes
PCOS
use of glucocorticoids
essential HTN

41
Q

workup for gestational diabetes

A

1 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) > 140 mg / dL

42
Q

newborn risks with gestational diabetes

A

RDS, macrosomia, inc risk open neural tube defects, neonatal hypoglycemia (give glucose at birth)

43
Q

maternal complications gestational diabetes

A

diabetes later in life

44
Q

tx gestational diabetes

A

insulin (cease after delivery)
f/u OGTT postpartum

45
Q

what are maternal infections to be aware of during pregnancy?

A

strep B
toxoplasmosis
rubella

46
Q

group B strep infxn during pregnancy; etiology and risks

A

normal strep flora in vagina
risk of vertical transmission leading to neonatal sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia, death of fetus

47
Q

group B strep infxn during pregnancy; RF

A

previous infant with GBS infxn, preterm labor <37 weeks, prolonged rupture of membranes before delivery, intrapartum maternal temp >38 C

48
Q

group B strep infxn during pregnancy; workup and tx

A

all preg pts screened at 35-37 weeks with vaginal/anorectal swabs for culture

abx for GBS prophylaxis; penicillin or clindamycin. if fever > broad spectrum abx

49
Q

toxoplasmosis etiology

A

protozoa (toxoplasma gondii) transmitted to mother through raw meat, unpasteurized goat milk, cat feces/urine (no litterbox cleaning!!)

50
Q

toxoplasmosis sx/workup

A

maternal: flu like sx
fetus: chorioretinitis/blindness, SN deafness, CNS calcification in basal ganglia, hydrocephalus, hepatosplenomegaly

serum IgM and IgG, PCR amniotic fluid

51
Q

what is gestational trophoblastic disease?

A

proliferative abnormalities of trophoblast
complete mole or partial mole

52
Q

what is a complete mole?

A

benign tumors of chorionic villus
46 XX or 46 YY where sperm fertilizes empty egg or duplication of 23 X sperm in ovum (lack of maternal chromosomes)

sx: painless bleeding in month 4/5, severe vomiting, preeclampsia, theca-lutein cysts, ovarian enlargement, no fetal HB

53
Q

what is a partial (incomplete) mole?

A

hydropic villi and focal trophoblastic hyperplasia with fetus or fetal parts, often ovum is triloid (XXY, XYY, XXX) w chromos from both parents

similar sx to threatened, spontaneous, or missed abortion

54
Q

PE/workup for complete (hydatidaform) mole

A

hCG > 100,000 IU/L
“snow storm” appearance on US (swelling of villa with no fetus)
no fetal heartbeat

55
Q

pathogenesis rubella

A

contracted via respiratory droplets and transmitted transplacentally in first trimester

56
Q

rubella sx

A

mother:
3 day rash face > trunk/extremities
low grade fever, joint pain, post auricular or occipital lymphadenopathy

fetus:
SN deafness, cataracts, thrombocytopenia
“blueberry muffin rash”
hepatomegaly
PDA

57
Q

workup and tx rubella

A

ELISA IgM 4x IgG in acute infection
MMR vaccine AFTER pregnancy (NOT during, it is live attenuated)

58
Q

toxoplasmosis tx

A

spiramycin

NPLEX II TIA (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions