Pregnancy & Childbirth Flashcards
(61 cards)
CPR compression/breath ratio infants
30:2 one person rescue
15:2 two ppl rescue
At how many weeks does the fetus become viable to survive outside the womb?
26 weeks
Gravida vs Para
Gravida (get it on): total number of pregnancies (inc current)
Para (parents): number of deliveries after 20 weeks of pregnacy
Gestation is typically how many weeks?
40
physiologic changes in pregnancy
inc HR
inc BV (can bleed out more before showing signs of shock)
BP could drop slightly (esp if supine)
slower GI motility (inc risk emesis)
factors that contribute to a high risk pregnancy
age
no prenatal care
diabetes
HTN
drug/etoh abuse
smoking
what is supine hypotensive syndrome? what are sx and tx?
the fetus on the inferior vena cava causes reduced blood flow back to the heart > dec BP
mother changes BP when laying on back, lightheadedness and syncope
tx: place motheron her side and push fetus off IVC
def of abortion and spontaneous vs induced
expulsion of fetal tissue before 20th week
spontaneous: miscarriage due to natural causes
induced: purposeful termination
sx abortion
vaginal bleeding
passing of tissue
cramping
shock
where do 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur?
fallopian tube
signs/sx and tx ectopic pregnancy
abdominal pain
vaginal bleeding
shock
CMT
palpable mass
RF: PID, STI, pelvic surgery, IUD use
workup: laparoscopy (definitive), US
tx: tx for shock
what is placenta previa? what are signs/sx?
the placenta grows over or near the cervical neck
total: completely covers internal os; partial, marginal (close but doesnt cover any part)
2nd and 3rd trimester bleeding (bright red)
painless
signs of shock
dx by US
what is abrupto placenta? what are signs/sx?
previously normally implanted placenta is detached from the uterine wall after 20 wks > bleeding into the uterus
severe abdominal pain/uterine tenderness
contractions
PAINFUL vaginal bleeding that is dark (not always present)
shock (that can be out of proportion to noticable bleeding)
RF: HTN, maternal trauma, smoking, alcohol, cocaine, >35
what is the most common disorder of pregnancy, what causes it, and when does it develop?
gestational HTN (>140/90 after 20 wks); vasoconstriction > higher BP
do NOT rx ACE, propanolol, diuretics
what is pre-eclampsia/toxemia?
when HTN continues along with organ damage (CNS, pulmonary, renal) due to vasospasm and leaky capillaries
kidney effect > issues with BP regulation/water retention
usu last trimester
signs/sx pre-eclampsia
HTN 140/90
edema (hands, face, ankles, feet, pulm edema)
neuro sx (HA, visual disturbances, confusion, hyperreflexia)
HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets) - can be seen without high BP too!
pre-eclampsia tx
ABCs
high flow O2
be ready for seizures
quiet transport
CCB, hydralazine
what is the difference between pre-eclampsia and eclampsia?
pre-eclampsia: dBP >90-109 + proteinuria
eclampsia: dBP > 90 with seizures
tx eclampsia
ABCs
high flow O2
protect pt from injury
rapid transport
ALS for seizure control
phenytoin
what is a uterine rupture? what could cause it?
rupture of uterus expelling all or part of fetus into abdomen
occurs during labor, at risk mothers (multiple births, previous c sections)
uterine rupture signs/sx and tx
labor pain considerably dec or stops
signs of shock
possible abnormal shaping of the abdomen
ABCs
high flow O2
tx for shock
MAST are probably harmful
rapid transport
changes at onset of labor
braxton hicks contractions change to regular contractions w dec interval
effacement: cervix thins to allow the delivery
mucus plug expelled
membrane rupture and amniotic fluid expelled
stages of labor
first stage: contractions > infant in birth canal
second: infant delivery
third: placenta delivery
fourth: post delivery contractions
signs of immanent childbirth
the need for a BM
urge to push
crowning
contractions 2 mins apart, 45 sec to 1 min in length
