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NPLEX II TIA > Gynecology > Flashcards

Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

what bacteria are resistant to gram staining?

A

acid-fast; mycobacterium

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2
Q

gram + cocci

A

staph

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3
Q

gram - cocci

A

N gonorrhea, meningitides

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4
Q

gram + bacilli

A

anthracis, clostridium, tetani, cornyebacterium, listeria

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5
Q

gram - bacilli

A

H flu, pseudomonas, bordetella, brucella, legionella, enteric, yersinia, vibro

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6
Q

gram + organisms stain x while gram - organisms stain x

A

gram + blue / purple
gram - pink / red

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7
Q

what is a vaginal wet mount?

A

using vaginal dc with KOH

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8
Q

a DNA probe would be used to dx which types of vaginitis/cervicitis?

A

GC/CT

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9
Q

vaginal pH with candidal infxn

A

< 4.5

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10
Q

vaginal pH with trichomonal infxn

A

> 5

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11
Q

vaginal pH with BV

A

> 4.5

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12
Q

microscopy of BV

A

clue cells from gardnerella, m hominis

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13
Q

tumor marker CA 15-3

A

breast

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14
Q

tumor marker CA 125

A

ovarian

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15
Q

bartholins cysts are associated with

A

PID, STIs (esp GC)

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16
Q

clear cell adenocarcioma affects what area? what are RFs?

A

upper third of ant vaginal wall/cervix

women whose mothers took DES during pregnancy, vaginal adenosis is precursor, no sx

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17
Q

what are gartners duct cysts?

A

wolffian duct remains, lateral wall of vagina, common

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18
Q

acute cervicitis etiology and presentation

A

GC, CT, trich, trauma, recent surgery/procedures

pelvic exam “chandeleir” sign, mucopurulent dc, positive CMT, pelvic pain

DNA probe, gram stain/culture

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19
Q

chronic cervicitis presentation

A

vaginal bacterial overgrowth irritating cervix/transformational zone

mostly asx, may have nondescript pelvic sx

20
Q

what is CIN? how is it classified?

A

mostly benign dysplasia in transformational zone; can stop progression if the issue is removed

CIN I (mild)
II (moderate)
III (severe) dysplasia

21
Q

what is CIS

A

carcinoma in situ (in place, no invasion)

22
Q

most common cervical cancer

A

cervical squamous cell carcinoma

40-60

I-IV; good to poor prognosis

most asx, bleeding post intercourse

23
Q

menorrhagia vs
metorrhagia vs
menometorrhagia

A

menorrhagia - uterine bleeding within intervals of period

metorrhagia - uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, b/w periods

menometorrhagia - uterine bleeding during AND in between periods

24
Q

gold standard for ectopic dx

A

laparoscopy

25
Q

most sensitive early pregnancy test

A

serum QUANTitative hCG

26
Q

most common causes of oligomenorrhea

A

PCOS
hypothyroidism
hyperprolactinemia (also can be caused by hypothyroidism)

27
Q

acute endometritis etiology

A

bacterial infxn following delivery, miscarriage
group A strep,staph
cervicitis/PID
recent surgery/procedures

28
Q

causes of chronic endometritis

A

PID
IUDs
Chlamydia
TB

29
Q

most common locations for endometriosis

A

ovary
adnexa

30
Q

etiology and dx endometrial polyps

A

estrogen receptive
tamoxifen induced

not precancerous

endometrial US & TVUS

31
Q

menorrhagia that is non-cancerous but hormonal interventions are not helping

A

endometrial polyps

32
Q

most common tumor in women

A

leiomyoma / fibroid

33
Q

most common invasive cancer of female repro

A

uterine adenocarcinoma

34
Q

leiomyoma / fibroid presentation

A

estrogen dependent
in myometrium
asx or sx; bleeding, urinary frequency, infertility

NOT cancer/precancerous

35
Q

uterine adenocarcinoma RF and grading/staging

A

RF: obesity, DM, HTN, nulliparous, 55-65

Grading 1-4: differentiation
Staging I-IV: spread

suspect when postmeno women start bleeding

36
Q

cause of mittleschmirtz pain/inflammation

A

rupture of luteal cysts into peritoneum

37
Q

PCOS/stein leventhal syndrome presentation

A

young women
menstrual disorders
infertility
hirsutism (androgen excess, hyperprolactinemia)

38
Q

most common cause acute mastitis

A

staph

39
Q

mammary duct ectasia presentation

A

dilation of lactiferous ducts
multiparous women 50-60
may cause abnormal mammogram

40
Q

fibrocystic breast dz etiology/presentation

A

excess estrogen, methylxanthines, 20-40

changes with cycle
no inc risk of CA

41
Q

herbs for endometriosis

A

linum usitatissium
angelica sinensis

42
Q

supplements/herbs for cervical dysplasia

A

folic acid
vit A
antioxidants
thuja

43
Q

supplements/herbs for menorrhagia

A

zinc
magnesium
pumpkin seeds
capsella bursa-pastoris

44
Q

uses progesterone/progestins

A

AUB
HRT
luteal defects
GABA effects

45
Q

drug interactions with COC

A

inc estr conc
- acetominophen, vit C
- atorvastatin

dec effectiveness
- azole antifungals
- barbituates
- penicillins
- st johns wort
- rifampin

estrogen decreases
- thyroid hormones
- lamotrigine

estrogen inc
- benzos
- caffiene
- CS
- BB
- tricyclics

46
Q

only contraceptives safe in nursing

A

progestin only

47
Q
A

NPLEX II TIA (21 decks)

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