Gynecology Flashcards
what bacteria are resistant to gram staining?
acid-fast; mycobacterium
gram + cocci
staph
gram - cocci
N gonorrhea, meningitides
gram + bacilli
anthracis, clostridium, tetani, cornyebacterium, listeria
gram - bacilli
H flu, pseudomonas, bordetella, brucella, legionella, enteric, yersinia, vibro
gram + organisms stain x while gram - organisms stain x
gram + blue / purple
gram - pink / red
what is a vaginal wet mount?
using vaginal dc with KOH
a DNA probe would be used to dx which types of vaginitis/cervicitis?
GC/CT
vaginal pH with candidal infxn
< 4.5
vaginal pH with trichomonal infxn
> 5
vaginal pH with BV
> 4.5
microscopy of BV
clue cells from gardnerella, m hominis
tumor marker CA 15-3
breast
tumor marker CA 125
ovarian
bartholins cysts are associated with
PID, STIs (esp GC)
clear cell adenocarcioma affects what area? what are RFs?
upper third of ant vaginal wall/cervix
women whose mothers took DES during pregnancy, vaginal adenosis is precursor, no sx
what are gartners duct cysts?
wolffian duct remains, lateral wall of vagina, common
acute cervicitis etiology and presentation
GC, CT, trich, trauma, recent surgery/procedures
pelvic exam “chandeleir” sign, mucopurulent dc, positive CMT, pelvic pain
DNA probe, gram stain/culture
chronic cervicitis presentation
vaginal bacterial overgrowth irritating cervix/transformational zone
mostly asx, may have nondescript pelvic sx
what is CIN? how is it classified?
mostly benign dysplasia in transformational zone; can stop progression if the issue is removed
CIN I (mild)
II (moderate)
III (severe) dysplasia
what is CIS
carcinoma in situ (in place, no invasion)
most common cervical cancer
cervical squamous cell carcinoma
40-60
I-IV; good to poor prognosis
most asx, bleeding post intercourse
menorrhagia vs
metorrhagia vs
menometorrhagia
menorrhagia - uterine bleeding within intervals of period
metorrhagia - uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, b/w periods
menometorrhagia - uterine bleeding during AND in between periods
gold standard for ectopic dx
laparoscopy
most sensitive early pregnancy test
serum QUANTitative hCG
most common causes of oligomenorrhea
PCOS
hypothyroidism
hyperprolactinemia (also can be caused by hypothyroidism)
acute endometritis etiology
bacterial infxn following delivery, miscarriage
group A strep,staph
cervicitis/PID
recent surgery/procedures
causes of chronic endometritis
PID
IUDs
Chlamydia
TB
most common locations for endometriosis
ovary
adnexa
etiology and dx endometrial polyps
estrogen receptive
tamoxifen induced
not precancerous
endometrial US & TVUS
menorrhagia that is non-cancerous but hormonal interventions are not helping
endometrial polyps
most common tumor in women
leiomyoma / fibroid
most common invasive cancer of female repro
uterine adenocarcinoma
leiomyoma / fibroid presentation
estrogen dependent
in myometrium
asx or sx; bleeding, urinary frequency, infertility
NOT cancer/precancerous
uterine adenocarcinoma RF and grading/staging
RF: obesity, DM, HTN, nulliparous, 55-65
Grading 1-4: differentiation
Staging I-IV: spread
suspect when postmeno women start bleeding
cause of mittleschmirtz pain/inflammation
rupture of luteal cysts into peritoneum
PCOS/stein leventhal syndrome presentation
young women
menstrual disorders
infertility
hirsutism (androgen excess, hyperprolactinemia)
most common cause acute mastitis
staph
mammary duct ectasia presentation
dilation of lactiferous ducts
multiparous women 50-60
may cause abnormal mammogram
fibrocystic breast dz etiology/presentation
excess estrogen, methylxanthines, 20-40
changes with cycle
no inc risk of CA
herbs for endometriosis
linum usitatissium
angelica sinensis
supplements/herbs for cervical dysplasia
folic acid
vit A
antioxidants
thuja
supplements/herbs for menorrhagia
zinc
magnesium
pumpkin seeds
capsella bursa-pastoris
uses progesterone/progestins
AUB
HRT
luteal defects
GABA effects
drug interactions with COC
inc estr conc
- acetominophen, vit C
- atorvastatin
dec effectiveness
- azole antifungals
- barbituates
- penicillins
- st johns wort
- rifampin
estrogen decreases
- thyroid hormones
- lamotrigine
estrogen inc
- benzos
- caffiene
- CS
- BB
- tricyclics
only contraceptives safe in nursing
progestin only
