Pregnancy & Abortion Flashcards
Typical duration of a Pregnancy
38 weeks (after conception)
Term for # of pregnancies
Gravida
What are the 4 values for Parity
a: # full term
b. # preterm
c. # miscarriages/abortions
d. # living children
Day ____ after ovulation, the fertilized ovum moves to the Uterus
4
Day ____ after ovulation, the fertilized ovum implants into the Uterus
8
Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy
Nausea/Vomiting Breast tenderness Pelvic discomfort Chadwick's sign (blue discoloration of cervix/vagina/labia) Uterine enlargement
Early sign of pregnancy; discoloration of the cervix, vagina and/or labia due to increased blood flow
Chadwick’s sign
Hormone of normal pregnancy; produced by syncytiotrophoblast; first detectable 6-12 days after ovulation
bHCG
What is the FIRST visible indication of a pregnancy on Ultrasound
Yolk Sac
Nonviable pregnancy that is located in the Uterus
Spontaneous Abortion
Nonviable pregnancy that is located OUTSIDE the Uterus
Ectopic pregnancy
Nonviable intrauterine pregnancy with the potential for MALIGNANT transformation
Molar pregnancy
Risk factors for Spontaneous Abortion
Maternal Age
Prior Miscarriage
Smoking
Alcohol/Cocaine
Infections (Listeria, Toxoplasma, Parvo, CMV)
Abnormal Uterus (fibrois, polyps, septum, etc.)
Infectious causes of Spontaneous Abortion
Listeria Toxoplasma Parvo Rubella CMV
Medical management for Spontaneous Abortion
Misoprostol
Mifepristone
Surgical dilation and curettage
1 cause of Maternal Mortality in the 1st trimester
Ectopic Pregnancy
Most common site of Ectopic Pregnancy
Ampulla
Risk factors for Ectopic Pregnancy
Hx of ectopic pregnancy Tubal surgery PID IUD DES exposure
Treatment for Ectopic Pregnancy
Methotrexate (inhibit dihydrofolate reductase)
Surgery (salpingectomy vs salpingostomy)
Spectrum of disorders with abnormal trophoblast proliferation and maturation, including NEOPLASMS; elevations of HCG; most common example is Hydatidiform Mole
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Most common type of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease; abnormal FERTILIZED egg with edematous villi and abnormal proliferation and atypia; risk factors are age >35, Asian and previous history
Hydatidiform Mole
Risk factors for Molar Pregnancy
Age >35
Asian
Prior History
The removal of a fetus or embryo from the Uterus before the stage of viability
Abortion/Termination
Reasons why someone may want to seek an induced abortion
Unexpected
Life Circumstances
Complications
Maternal/Fetal Health Issues
Drugs used for early Medical Abortion
Mifepristone
Misoprostol
MOA of Mifepristone (Abortogenic)
ANTIprogestin with a greater affinity for progesterone receptor; causes separation of trophoblast, cervical softening and causes necrosis
MOA of Misoprostol (Abortogenic)
Synthetic prostaglandin; promotes uterine contractions and softens cervix
