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Reproductive-Week 3/4 > Benign Gyn > Flashcards

Benign Gyn Flashcards

1
Q

Uterine bleeding that occurs outside of normal menstruation

A

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

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2
Q

Characteristics of NORMAL Menstruation

A

Every ~30 days
4-6 in duration
~30 mL

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3
Q

Differential for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

A

PALM-COEIN

Polyp
Adenomyosis
Leiomyoma
Malignancy
Coagulopathy
Ovulatory Dysfunction
Endometrial
Iatrogenic
Not-Yet Classified
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4
Q

Cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding; sessile or pedunculated hyperplastic growth of endometrial glands; risk factors are obesity, hormone therapy and Tamoxifen

A

Endometrial Polyps

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5
Q

Cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding; MOST common BENIGN tumor of genital tract; well circumscribed, non encapsulated smooth muscle tumor; Estrogen and Progesterone important for growth; also known as “fibroids

A

Leiomyomas

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6
Q

Leiomyomas, or “fibroids”, are more common in what race

A

African-American

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7
Q

What are the various types of Leiomyomas (“fibroids”)

A 
Pedunculated
Non-Pedunculated
Submucosal
Intramural
Subserosal
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8
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Leiomyomas (“fibroids”)

A 
Heavy bleeding
Painful menses
Pelvic pressure
Urinary frequency
Infertility/ pregnancy loss
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9
Q

Examples of Coagulopathies responsible for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

A

Von Willebrand’s Disease
Factor Deficiencies
Platelet Abnormalities

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10
Q

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding caused by coagulopathies usually presents in (childhood/adulthood)

A

Childhood

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11
Q

Causes of Ovulatory Dysfunction (and thus, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding)

A 
PCOS
Hyperprolactinemia
Hypothyroidism
Obesity
Stress
Extreme exercise
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12
Q

Examples of Iatrogenic causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

A

IUDs
Hormonal Contraceptives
Hormone Therapy

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13
Q

Commonly diagnosed BENIGN gynecologic condition; ectopic endometrial glands and stroma into Ovaries, Peritoneum, Bowel, Bladder, etc.; thought to be due to retrograde menstruation; implants usually appear as “powder burns”, but can also look like “red flame areas” or adhesions; histology shows endometrial epithelium, stroma and hemosiderin-laden macrophages

A

Endometriosis

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14
Q

Most common appearance of Endometriosis implants

A

“Powder burns”

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15
Q

Common ectopic sites of Endometriosis

A

Ovaries
Peritoneal cavity
Bowel
Bladder

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16
Q

Histologic findings for Endometriosis

A

Endometrial Epithelium and Stroma

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages

17
Q

Pathogenesis of Endometriosis

A

Retrograde flow: reverse menses through fallopian tubes w/ implantation of viable endometrial cells

18
Q

Why is Endometriosis almost exclusively in menstruating age group

A

Because it is thought to be due to retrograde menstrual flow

19
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Endometriosis

A 
Asymptomatic
Painful periods (Dysmenorhea)
Painful sex (Dyspareunia)
Chronic Pelvic Pain
Infertility
20
Q

Cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding; endometrial gland and stroma WITHIN the Uterine MUSCLE; diffusely enlarged, tender, BOGGY uterus; the ectopic tissue causes hypertrophy of surrounding muscle, causing diffuse enlargement of Uterus; thought to be due to endomyometrial invagination

A

Adenomyosis

21
Q

Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis (ectopic endometrium in uterine muscle)

A

Invagination of Endomyometrium

22
Q

General treatment options for Benign Gynecologic Diseases

A

Oral Contraceptives*
Progestins*
GnRH agonists (downregulate receptors)
Surgery

*symptoms worse with menstruation, so suppressing flow improves symptoms

23
Q

How do GnRH agonists help with the treatment of Benign Gynecologic Diseases, like fibroids and endometriosis

A

Is a CONTINUOUS administration of GnRH, unlike the pulsatile fashion our body does; this continuous GnRH stimulation eventually causes downregulation on the Anterior Pituitary, lowering LH and FSH, and thus estrogen and progesterone

24
Q

Pathology when a follicle fails to rupture and continues to grow; 10% lifetime chance of needing surgery for Adnexal mass due to chance of MALIGNANCY; can be asymptomatic or pelvic pain and pressure

A

Ovarian Cysts

25
Q

Most common type of BENIGN ovarian neoplasm; EPITHELIAL derived; can be either serous (more common) or mucinous

A

Cystadenoma

26
Q

Benign neoplasm of the ovaries; GERM CELL derived; composed of all three germ layers (teeth, hair, sebum, etc.)

A

Cystic Teratoma (“Dermoid”)

27
Q

RARE benign neoplasm of the ovaries; derived from gonadal stroma surrounding the oocytes, granulosa and theca cells

A

Sex-Cord Neoplasm

28
Q

Ovarian cyst due to a remnant of the Mullerian duct; “Hydatid cyst of Morgagni”

A

Paraovarian Cyst

29
Q

Complete or Partial rotation of the ovary around it ligament; can result in ischemia, infarction and necrosis; SURGICAL EMERGENCY

A

Ovarian Torsion

Reproductive-Week 3/4 (13 decks)

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