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Reproductive-Week 3/4 > Endometrium & Cervix Pathology > Flashcards

Endometrium & Cervix Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

MOST COMMON cause of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding; ovarian follicles develop but DON’T ovulate, continuing to produce Estrogen; causes endometrium to stay in proliferative state, outgrowing its structural support

A

Anovulatory Cycles

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2
Q

Hyperplastic overgrowths of the endometrium; can be sessile or pedunculated

A

Endometrial Polyps

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3
Q

Increased endometrial glands:stroma ratio; precursor to Endometrial Carcinoma (especially with cytologic ATYPIA); caused by unopposed Estrogen

A

Endometrial Hyperplasia

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4
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A

Postmenopausal Bleeding

Irregular/Heavy bleeding or discharge

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5
Q

Treatment for Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A

Hysterectomy
Radiation
Progesterone therapy

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6
Q

___________________ cancer is the most common GYN malignancy

A

Endometrial

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7
Q

Risk factors for Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A 
Obesity
Atypical Hyperplasia
Unopposed Estrogen
Lynch Syndrome
Pelvic Irradiation
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8
Q

What is protective for Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

A

OCPs

Progesterone therapy

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9
Q

What are the 2 general types of Endometrial Carcinoma

A

Type 1: Estrogen related, LESS aggressive, younger and HEAVIER; GLANDULAR histology
Type 2: Not Estrogen related, MORE aggressive, older and THINNER; SEROUS histology

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10
Q

Type (1/2) Endometrial Carcinoma has a Glandular histology

A

Type 1

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11
Q

Type (1/2) Endometrial Carcinoma has a Serous histology

A

Type 2

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12
Q

Most common benign tumor of the female genital tract; smooth muscle tumor; well-circumscribed, white mass with whorled appearance; inc. risk in African Americans

A

Leiomyomas (“Fibroids”)

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13
Q

Histologic appearance of Leiomyomas

A

Smooth muscle in fascicles

“Cigar” shaped nuclei

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14
Q

Leiomyomas are precursors to Leiomyosarcomas (True or False)

A

False; are independent entities

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15
Q

Cervical cancer is commonly caused by….

A

HPV

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16
Q

____ ____________ testing can reduce a woman’s chance of dying from Cervical Cancer by almost 90%

A

Pap smear

17
Q

Risk factors for Cervical Cancer

A

Smoking
Immunosuppression (AIDS)
Multiple partners
Early age of intercourse

18
Q

Sexually transmitted virus; double stranded, circular DNA virus; infects epithelial cells; MOST common STD globally; most infections clear by 2 years

A

HPV

19
Q

HPV ______ and _____ are high risk types that can cause Cervical, Anal and other genital cancers

A

16 and 18

20
Q

HPV _____ and ____ are low risk types that may cause genital warts

A

6 and 11

21
Q

HPV genes that affect hos regulatory proteins, such as p53 and Rb (regulate cell divisions)

A

E6 and E7

22
Q

When should a women begin to have pap smears

A

age 21-65, for every 3 years

*given no risk factors or previous history

23
Q

Appearance of normal Ectocervic Squamous cells on a Pap Smear

A

Abundant cytoplasm

Nucleus is small/dense (pyknotic)

24
Q

Appearance of neoplastic Ectocervix Squamous cells on Pap Smear

A

Large nuclei, dark with irregular contours and coarse chromatin
Cytoplasmic clearing around nucleus (koilocytes)

25
Q

Cells with the combination of nuclear atypia and cytoplasmic halos; seen with HPV

A

Koilocytes

26
Q

________ ____________ is used in conjunction with Pap smears in the screening of women 30 years of age and older

A

DNA testing

27
Q

Procedure to observe the inside of the Cervix with a scope; apply Acetic Acid and Lugol’s solution to dehydrate cells and measure uptake

A

Colposcopy

28
Q

Purpose of Acetic acid and Lugol’s Solution during a Colposcopy

A

Acetic Acid: dehydrate cells (dec. glycogen makes white rim)

Lugol’s: iodine is not taken up if little glycogen

29
Q

Most common type of Cervical Cyst; dilated endocervical glands filled with mucin; appear yellow or white

A

Nabothian Cysts

30
Q

Focal hyperplastic protrusions of Endocervical tissue composed of epithelium and stroma; can discharge and bleed; are rounded and can be smooth or lobulated

A

Endocervical Polyp

31
Q

Treatmetns for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

A

Cryotherapy
Biopsy/Excision
Hysterectomy

32
Q

When would you decide to treat vs. observe Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

A

Old age
Non-compliance
Abnormal colposcopy
CIN 2 and 3

33
Q

What are the chances of regression for the various CIN

A

CIN 1: 90%
CIN 2: 50%
CIN 3: 10%

34
Q

HPV Vaccines

A

Gardasil and Cervarix

35
Q

What HPV types do Gardisil vs. Cervarix protect against

A

Gardisil: HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18
Cervarix: HPV 16 and 18

Reproductive-Week 3/4 (13 decks)

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