Menopause

Question 1

“monthly cessation”; permanent stop to menstruation caused by FAILURE of ovarian follicular changes; defined as no menstruation for 12 months; median age of 51 years old

Answer 1

Menopause

Question 2

Ovarian follicular function GRADUALLY diminishes, but doesn’t stop; irregular cycles; depleted follicles; 4-5 years before menopause

Answer 2

Perimenopause

Question 3

Average age of menopause

Answer 3

51 years

Question 4

What factors can mediate the onset of Menopause

Answer 4

Genetics
Smoking
Alcohol
Low body fat
Vegetarian diet
Poor nutrition
Hysterectomy
Cancer treatment

Question 5

The dominant follicle in the Ovary will begin to produce _____________, building up the lining of the Uterus

Answer 5

Estrogen

Question 6

Characteristics of Perimenopause

Answer 6

Dec. Inhibin
Inc. FSH and estrogen
Earlier ovulation
Shortened menses/irregular cycles

Question 7

Characteristics of Menopause

Answer 7

Dec. Estrogen and Progesterone
Elevated LH and FSH
Dec. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin

Question 8

Signs/Symptoms of Menopause

Answer 8

HAVOCS:

• Hot flashes
• Atrophy of Vagina
• Osteoporosis
• Coronary artery disease
• Sleep disturbances

Question 9

What should you ALWAYS rule out in a perimenopausal woman with abnormal bleeding

Answer 9

Cancer

Question 10

Herniation of Pelvic organs at or beyond the vaginal walls; signs and symptoms being bulging, pressure, chronic discharge, bleeding and voiding dysfunction; risk factors are age, pregnancy and obesity

Answer 10

Pelvic Organ Prolapse

• rectocele
• cystocele
• uterine prolapse

Question 11

Risk factors for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Answer 11

Age
Preganncy
Obesity
Chronic Constipation

Question 12

Treatment for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Answer 12

Pelvic floor exercises
Pessary
Surgery

Question 13

Failure of the ovaries PRIOR to the age of 40; most often idiopathic, due to autoimmunity, or other chromosomal abnormality

Answer 13

Premature Ovarian Failure (aka. primary ovarian insufficiency)