Ovarian Pathology Flashcards
Malignant neoplasm of EPITHELIAL cells; examples are adeno- and squamous
Carcinoma
Malignant neoplasm of MESODERMAL cells
Sarcoma
Cell appearance based on the resemblance of the tumor cell of the tissue of origin
Grade
Extent of the disease in the body
Stage
General types/origins of ovarian tumors
Surface/Epithelial
Sex cord/Stromal
Germ cell
The Corpus Luteum, a normal part of menstruation, has a __________ coloration
Yellow
Fibrous scar that forms after the Corpus Luteum degenerates (no implantation of a egg); lasts a few months
Corpus Albicans
Histologic findings for Serous Carcinoma
Papillary architecture
Nuclear “hob nailing”
Psammoma bodies
Risk factors for EPITHELIAL Ovarian Carcinoma
Age Nulliparity Early Menarche Late Menopause BRCA1/2 mutation
Protective factors for EPITHELIAL Ovarian Carcinoma
Breast feeding OCPs Tubal Ligation Preganncy Late Menarche Early Menopause
Subtypes of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma (4 total)
Serous (surface epithelium) Endometroid Mucinous Brenner (transitional cell, urothelium, bladder) Clear cell
Type of EPITHELIAL Ovarian Carcinoma; SOLID nodules with CYSTIC areas with thin serous fluid; can see Nuclear Hobnailing and Psammoma bodies
Cystadenocarcinoma
Gross appearance of Cystadenocarcinoma
Solid and cystic mass
Type of EPITHELIAL Ovarian Carcinoma; malignant columnar epithelial cells forming multiple smooth glands
Endometroid Adenocarcinoma
Histologic findings for Ovarian Endometroid Adenocarcinoma
Columnar cells forming numerous glands (but no mucin) (resemble endometrium, just invaginated)
Type of EPITHELIAL Ovarian Carcinoma; multiple malignant cells with CLEAR cytoplasm
Clear Cell Carcinoma
Type of EPITHELIAL Ovarian Carcinoma; malignant cells arranged in glandular architecture and filled with tons of MUCIN; appear purple-gray with bubbly cytoplasm
Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Histologic findings for Ovarian Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Malignant columnar cells FILLED with mucin
Purple-gray with bubbly cytoplasm
Type of EPITHELIAL Ovarian Carcinoma; SOLID nests of Transitional-like cells (urothelial or bladder-like) encased in fibrous stroma; cells have grooved COFFEE BEAN nuclei
Brenner Tumor
Histologic findings for Ovarian Brenner tumors
Solid bundles of transitional cells
Fibrous capsule
Grooved COFFEE BEAN nuclei
Pathogenesis of EPITHELIAL Ovarian Carcinoma
Fallopian tube cells or retrograde menstruation dislodge and implant onto Ovarian surface
BENIGN Epithelial tumor; Cystic mass with smooth, THIN external surface; simple flat (single layer) of epithelial lining; further divided into serous or mucinous subtypes
Cystadenoma
Histologic findings for Cystadenoma
Thin external surface Either ciliated (serous) or mucinous
Common BENIGN Sex Cord Stromal tumor; can RARELY cause Meig’s Syndrome (ascites and pleural effusion); composed of fibrous tissue surrounding the smooth muscle spindle cells
Ovarian Fibroma
Syndrome RARELY seen with Ovarian Fibromas; ascites and pleural effusion due to the filtration of interstitial liquid through ovarian tumor capsule
Meig’s Syndrome
Sex-Cord Stromal tumors are derived from which cells
Granulosa and Theca
Sertoli and Leydig
Fibroblasts
MALIGNANT Sex Cord Stromal tumor of Theca cells; enlarged polyhedral cells with abundant cytoplasm and lipid droplets (steroid-secreting cells)
Thecomas
MOST common MALIGNANT Sex Cord Stromal tumor of Granulosa cells; present with excess ESTROGEN and INHIBIN; solid and lobulated; histology shows Call-Exner bodies (circular clusters) with grooved COFFEE BEAN nuclei
Granulosoma
Histologic findings for Granulosomas
Call-Exner Bodies (circular clusters)
Grooved COFFEE BEAN nuclei
Similarity between Brenner tumors (transitional epithelium) and Granulosoma tumors (malignant sex cord)
Grooved COFFEE BEAN nuclei
Ovarian Germ Cell tumor composed from the embryologic layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm); can be benign (adults) or malignant (children)
Teratoma
VAST majority of Teratomas in Adults; BENIGN; can see tissue from each embryologic layer (hair, teeth, skin, etc.)
Mature Cystic Teratoma (“Dermoid Cyst”)
MOST common MALIGNANT Germ Cell tumor; composed of Primordial Germ cells; cells have glycogen-filled cytoplasm (“friend egg” cells) good prognosis with surgery and radiation
Dysgerminoma
Histologic findings for Dysgerminoma
Large polyhedral cells
Large nucleoli
Clear, glycogen-filled cytoplasm (“fried egg” cells)
Examples of Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors (5 total)
Teratomas (embryologic layers) Yolk Sac Tumors* Dysgerminoma* Choriocarcinoma* Embryonal Carcinoma*
*malignant
MALIGNANT Germ Cell Tumor; elevated serum AFP; mimic the primitive yolk sac; solid mass of hemorrhage and necrosis grossly; histologic findings are Schiller-Duval bodies (“glomeruloid like bodies”)
Yolk Sac Tumor
Histologic finding for Yolk Sac Tumor
Schiller-Duval bodies (“glomeruloid like bodies”)
METASTATIC Ovarian tumor; usually from GI tract tumors (stomach, colon, etc.); signet ring cell morphology; can be associated with intraperitoneal accumulation of mucin
Krunkenberg Tumor
The Serum marker CA125 is indicative of what Ovarian tumor?
Serous/Endometroid
The Serum marker CEA is indicative of what Ovarian tumor?
Mucinous
The Serum marker AFP is indicative of what Ovarian tumor?
Yolk Sac Tumor
The Serum marker hCG is indicative of what Ovarian tumor?
Choriocarcinoma
The Serum marker Inhibin is indicative of what Ovarian tumor?
Granulosa Cell Tumor
The Serum marker LDH is indicative of what Ovarian tumor?
Dysgerminoma
