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Reproductive-Week 3/4 > Placenta Pathology > Flashcards

Placenta Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Endometrium of the pregnant uterus

A

Decidua

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2
Q

Innermost lining of the membranous sac enclosing the embryo

A

Amnion

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3
Q

Outermost lining of the membranous sac enclosing the embryo

A

Chorion

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4
Q

Placental structure where nutrient and gas exchange occurs; core is composed of loose mesenchyme, fetal blood vessels and vill

A

Chorionic Villus

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5
Q

Part of the VILLOUS trophoblast; the INNER single layer of the trophobast on the surface of the villus

A

Cytotrophoblast

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6
Q

Part of the VILLOUS trophoblast; the OUTER layer of syncytium; make hCG to maintain the Corpus Luteum

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

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7
Q

Extra lobe of placental tissue; membranous (velamentous) vessels connect each lobe; risk of fetal bleeding and may result in retained placental tissue after birth

A

Accessory or Succenturiate Lobe

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8
Q

Condition in which the placenta crosses the internal os of the uterus; at risk of rupture when the supporting membranes rupture, as they are unsupported by the umbilical cord or placental tissue

A

Placenta Previa

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9
Q

Common Umbilical Cord abnormalities (3 total)

A

Common Umbilical Cord abnormalities (3 total)

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10
Q

(True/False) umbilical knots are when there is a varicosity with no clinical consequence

A

False

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11
Q

(True/False) umbilical knots are when there is a cord compression

A

True

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12
Q

An inflammation of the amnion and chorion due to a bacterial infection; typically results from bacteria ascending from the vagina into the uterus (usually Strep. agalactiae or E. coli; MOST often associated with prolonged labor; result in maternal fever, uterine tenderness, tachycardia and purulent/foul amniotic fluid; associated with Premature Labor or Rupture of Membranes (PROM)

A

Chorioamnionitis

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13
Q

Bacteria involved with Chorioamnionitis (3 total)

A

Strep. agalactiae
E. coli
Anaerobes

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14
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Chorioamnionitis

A

Maternal fever
Fetal/Maternal tachycardia
Foul smelling fluid
Uterine tenderness

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15
Q

Neutrophils in the umbilical cord; seen in Chorioamnionitis

A

Funisitis

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16
Q

Inflammation of the placenta’s chorionic villi surface; usually due to HEMATOGENOUS infection (TORCH infections) or immune-mediated; will see LYMPHOCYTES (not neutrophils); associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

A

Villitis

17
Q

Infections associated with Villitis

A

TORCHES infections (Toxo, Rubella, CMV, Herpes, Syphilis)

18
Q

(Chorioamnionitis/Villitis) is associated with premature labor or rupture of membranes (PROM)

A

Chorioamnionitis

19
Q

(Chorioamnionitis/Villitis) is associated with Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

A

Chronic Villitis

20
Q

What is important to ascertain in a case of Chorioamnionitis?

A

Source of inflammation; if fetal (neutrophils in cord), greater risk of neurologic effects and may be marker for infection elsewhere in fetus

21
Q

How can you tell between Maternal vs. Fetal immune response in Chorioamnionitis

A

Maternal: neutrophils in Amnion/Chorion
Fetal: neutrophils in Cord

22
Q

Yellow discoloration of the Fetal membrane means what?

A

Infection

23
Q

Green discoloration of the Fetal membrane means what?

A

Meconium

24
Q

Brown discoloration of the Fetal membrane means what?

A

Hemosiderin (remote hemorrhage)

25
Q

Bile-stained intestinal contents of the fetus; can stain placenta and baby green if discharge before birth; usually after 32 weeks gestation; slight risk of aspiration

A

Meconium

26
Q

Risk factors for Abruptio Placenta

A 
Abd TRAUMA
Smoking
Cocaine
Multiple gestations
Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)
HTN
Oligohydramnios
Chorioamnionitis
27
Q

Premature of separation of the placenta from the decidua before delivery; has pain, uterine bleeding, contractions and DIC; can result in fetal hypoxia, maternal blood loss and fetal death

A

Abruptio Placenta

28
Q

Hematoma along the maternal surface of the placenta (between the basal plate and uterine wall); seen in correlation with Abruptio Placenta; can compress villous tissue and result in INFARCTION of the placenta

A

Retroplacental Hematoma

29
Q

Necrosis of Chorionic Villi secondary to decreased or interrupted maternal blood supply; can be due to Maternal HTN, Thrombophilia, Abruption or smoking

A

Placental Infarct

30
Q

Abnormal implantation of the placenta to the uterine wall; due to lack of maternal Decidua at implantation site; further subdivided based on depth of invasion; usually due to uterine scars; results in retained placenta and post-partum hemorrhage

A

Placenta Accreta

31
Q

Placenta (accreta/increta/percreta) is when chorionic villi are implanted ON the myometrium WITHOUT intervening Decidua

A

Placenta accreta

“ACcreta ADheres”

32
Q

Placenta (accreta/increta/percreta) is when the chorionic villi INVADE the myometrium

A

Placenta increta

“INcreta INvades”

33
Q

Placenta (accreta/increta/percreta) is when the chorionic villi perforate the ENTIRE uterine wall

A

Placenta percreta

“PERcreta PERforates”

34
Q

What problems can arise from Multiple Gestations

A

Prematurity
Cord problems (entanglements)
Maternal HTN
Twin-Twin transufion syndrome

Reproductive-Week 3/4 (13 decks)

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