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Systems- Repro > Pregnancy > Flashcards

Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 ways of measuring fetal growth?

A

Fundal-pubic height measurement

USS

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2
Q

Where is the measurements from a fundal-pubic hight measurement plotted?

A

Growth chart

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3
Q

When would you use a USS for measuring fetal growth?

A

When baby is too large or too small for term dates

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4
Q

Give examples as to why a baby may be too small for term dates.

A

Genetics

Maternal BMI

Social class

Maternal disease (severe asthma, pre-eclampsia, hypertension)

Infections (Toxoplasma and CMV)

Chromosomal abnormalities (Turner’s syndrome)

Alcohol

Smoking

Substance misuse

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5
Q

Give reasons as to why a baby may be too large for term dates?

A

Genetics

Maternal BMI

Maternal diabetes

Social class

High parity

Multiple pregnancies (twin-twin transfusions)

Polyhydraminos (excess accumulation of amniotic fluid)

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6
Q

What is discussed in primary care regarding pre-pregnancy counselling?

A

How to improve general health

Smoking cessation

Folic acid supplements

Mental health

Drug mis-use

Complications with existing medical conditions

Advice against becoming pregnant (if diabetic or epileptic)

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7
Q

What are the aims of antenatal (before birth) care and screening?

A

To identify maternal, fetal and social problems

Detect conditions early on in the pregnancy, even if the mum is symptomless

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8
Q

What is involved in a antenatal examination?

A

General health check

Abdominal palpation (fundal-pubic height, fetal movements, fetal presentation)

BP

Urinalysis

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9
Q

What could you do to turn the baby into cephalic presentation when it is in breech presentation after 36 weeks?

A

ECV (external cephalic volume)

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10
Q

Is antenatal screening compulsory?

A

No

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11
Q

Give examples of what antenatal (before birth) screening screens for.

A

Anaemia Infections (Hep. B, syphilis, HIV, UTI, Rubella)

Rhesus disease

Anti-c antibodies

Anti-kell antibodies

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12
Q

What is looked for in a 1st trimester US?

A

Viability of pregnancy

Multiple pregnancies

Down’s syndrome

Neural tube defects

Spina bifida

Anencephaly

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13
Q

What is involved in a detailed anomaly USS?

A

Systematic structural review of baby

Identifying problems that will need intrauterine or postnatal treatment

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14
Q

When are invasive prenatal tests undergone?

A

High risk of a fetal abnormality

Known genetic abnormality

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15
Q

What are the 2 invasive prenatal tests?

A

Amniocentesis

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

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16
Q

What are the differences between CVS and amniocentesis?

A

CVS can be done early in pregnancy, but it carries a higher risk of miscarriage

17
Q

What is a good type of testing to look for chromosomal trisomies (e.g. Downs)?

A

Non-invasive prenatal testing

18
Q

What are the aims of postnatal (after birth) screening?

A

To enable early detection of pre-symptomatic babies

To enable early treatment to improve health

To reduce anxiety caused by uncertainty over symptoms before clinical diagnosis is made

19
Q

What is screened for in postnatal screening?

A

PKU (phenylketonuria)

Congenital hypothyroidism

Sickle cell disorders

Cystic fibrosis

MCADD (medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency)

20
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the result for D-dimer

A

It increases

21
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the result for Hb

A

It decreases

22
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the result for ESR

A

Increases

23
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the result for RBC count

A

It decreases

24
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the haematocrit range?

A

It decreases

25
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the result for WCC

A

It increases

26
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the result for alkaline phosphotase

A

It increases

27
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the result for creatine range/clearance

A

It increases

28
Q

On a blood test of a pregnany lady, what happens to the result for albumin

A

It decreases

29
Q
A

Systems- Repro (14 decks)

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