Maternal & Perinatal mortality

Question 1

What are the 2 bases of methods used to measure maternal deaths?

Answer 1

Facility based
(Health information systems, confidential enquiries, maternal death review)

Population/community based (law notification, census, sisterhood surveillance, verbal autopsy)

Question 2

Give examples of direct and indirect causes of maternal death.

Answer 2

Direct: 
Haemorrhage
Sepsis
Hypertension 
Obstructed labour (placenta praevia)
Unsafe abortion 

Indirect:
Malaria

Question 3

What is involved in the ‘3-days-model’ relating to why maternal deaths occur?

Answer 3

Delays in seeking care
Delays in reaching care
Delays in receiving care

Question 4

What can be done to prevent maternal deaths?

Answer 4

Antenatal care
Skilled personnel at birth
Emergency obstetric care

Question 5

Give examples of direct and indirect causes of maternal death.

Answer 5

Direct: 
Haemorrhage
Sepsis
Hypertension 
Obstructed labour (placenta praevia)
Unsafe abortion 

Indirect:
Malaria

Question 6

What is involved in the ‘3-days-model’ relating to why maternal deaths occur?

Answer 6

Delays in seeking care
Delays in reaching care
Delays in receiving care

Question 7

What can be done to prevent maternal deaths?

Answer 7

Antenatal care
Skilled personnel at birth
Emergency obstetric care

Question 8

What is the definition of the maternal mortality ratio?

Answer 8

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live-births during a given time period

(maternal deaths/100,000 live births)

Question 9

What is the definition of maternal mortality rate?

Answer 9

Number of maternal deaths per 100,000 women of reproductive age in a given time

(maternal deaths/100,000 reparative women)

Question 10

What is meant by lifetime risk of maternal death?

Answer 10

Probability of maternal death during a woman’s reproductive life (expressed in odds)
A measure of a women’s risk of becoming pregnant as well as the risk of dying whilst pregnant

Question 11

What is the definition of proportionate morality ratio?

Answer 11

Maternal deaths as proportion of female deaths of those of reproductive age in a given time period

(maternal death/deaths of women of reproductive age)

Question 12

What is the definition of still birth?

Answer 12

Birth of a dead baby after 24 weeks gestation or weighing more than 500g

Question 13

What is the definition of early neonatal death?

Answer 13

Death of baby within the 1st week of life

Question 14

What id the definition of later neonatal death?

Answer 14

Death of baby within the 1st 28 days of life

Question 15

What is the definition of perinatal mortality?

Answer 15

Sum of stillbirths and neonatal mortality

Question 16

What is the definition of infant mortality?

Answer 16

Death of an infant within the 1st year of life

Question 17

What is the definition of child mortality?

Answer 17

Death of a child within the first 5 years of life