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Systems- Repro > Pre-eclampsia & gestational hypertension > Flashcards

Pre-eclampsia & gestational hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

Is pre-eclampsia common?

A

It is indeed

Occurs in 10% of pregnancies world-wide

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2
Q

In what trimester do most eclamptic seizures occcur

A

3rd trimester

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3
Q

What is the only curative treatment for pre-eclampsia

A

Delivery of the baby

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4
Q

What is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality & morbidity

A

Pre-elampsia

(who would’ve thought)

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5
Q

Is their a familial risk for pre-eclampsia

A

Yes

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6
Q

Is pre-eclampsia associated with increased fetal movements

A

Nope

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7
Q

Is smoking a risk factor for pre-eclampsia

A

Oh contraire

It actually reduces the risk lolz

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8
Q

What does pre-eclampsia increases your risk of getting in the future

A

Chronic hypertension

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9
Q

Does IVF increases your risk of getting pre-eclampsia

A

Yes it does

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10
Q

What should be used as prophylaxis for pre-eclampsia

A

Low-dose aspirin

Magnesium sulphate

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11
Q

If a pregnant patient suddenly becomes hypertensice but their urine dipstick is normal, what is the diagnosis

A

Gestational hypertension

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12
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for hypertension in pregnancy (gestational hypertension)

A

Labetolol

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What are the clinical features of pre-eclampsia in the…

a) face & eyes
b) limbs
c) chest
d) abdomen
e) general

A

a)

Facial swelling

Scotomata (blind spot)

Photophobia

b)

Oedema

Clonus

c)

SOB

Retrosernal pain

Crackles

d)

Splenomegaly

Tendereness

RUQ pain

Ascites

e)

Bruising

Seizures

Headache

Altered mental state

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15
Q

Those with pre-eclamspia sometimes complain of getting ‘blind spots’, what is the term for this?

A

Scotomata

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16
Q

What advice should you give to a patient with pre-eclampsia if they are wanting to have another baby

A

Get them to lose weight

Take low-dose aspirin for 12 weeks prior to delivery

Don’t take statins

Don’t take antihypertensives

Don’t take Vit. C supplements

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17
Q

For sufferes of pre-eclampsia wanting to have another baby, what should you tell them not to take

A

Statins

Anti-hypertensives

Vit.C supplements

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18
Q

What is the difference between essential and gestational hypertension in women who are pregnant

A

Essenetial -> occurs before 20 weeks

Gestational -> occurs after 20 weeks

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19
Q

What is essential hypertension also known as

A

Chronic hypertension

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20
Q

What is the mmHg levels for:

a) mild hypertension
b) moderate hypertension
c) severe hypertension

A

a) (140-149)/(90-99)mmHg
b) (150-159)/(100-109)mmHg
c) >160/>110mmHg

21
Q

What is gestational hypertension

A

Hypertension that is induced by pregnancy, and must occur after 20 weeks of pregnancy and must go away after

22
Q

What MUST happen for gestational hypertension to be diagnosed

A

It goes away after

23
Q

If pregnany ladies get hypertensive, should they be admitted to hospital

A

Only if it’s severe

24
Q

For mild hypertension, how often do you:

a) measure BP
b) measure proteinuria via dipstick

A

a) once weekly
b) each visit

25
Q

For moderate hypertension, how often do you:

a) measure BP
b) measure proteinuria via dipstick

A

a) twice weekly
b) each visit

26
Q

For severe hypertension, how often do you:

a) measure BP
b) measure proteinuria via dipstick

A

a) 4 times daily
b) daily

27
Q

What is the definition of pre-eclampsia

A

Pregnancy induced hypertension and proteinuria

(after 20 weeks)

28
Q

What is the defintiino of eclampsia

A

Prgency induced seizures due to hypertension

29
Q
A
30
Q

In what trimester does pre-eclampsia occur

(not when most seizures occur)

A

2nd trimester

(because it has to occur after 20 weeks you blithering idiot)

31
Q

What are the 2 ways in which hypertension isdiagnosed in pre-eclampsia

A

2x episodes of mild hypertension (measured 4 hours apart)

1x episode of severe hypertension

32
Q

What are the 3 ways in which proteinuria can be diagnosed in pre-eclampsia and what is the result for each of the tests

A

Urine dispstick protein: >1

Spot urinary protein/creatinine ratio: >30mg/mmol

24hr urine protein collectoin: >300mg/day

33
Q

Apart from via hypertension and proteinuria, in what other ways can pre-eclampsia be diagnosed

A

Renal insuffiency

IUGR

34
Q

What investigations can be done for pre-eclampsia

A

BP measuring

Urine dipstick

Urine protein/crearine ratio (P:Cr)

24hr urine collection

Renal & liver function tests

Hb

Platelets

Cardtiotocography

35
Q

Cardiotocograophy is an investigation that can be used for pre-eclampsia, what 2 things are measured

A

Fetal HR

Uterine contractions

36
Q

What are the risk factors for pre-eclampsia

A

Very young/old for maternal age

1st pregnancy

Family history

Obesity

Multiple pregnancies

Diabetes

IVF

SLE

37
Q

Why is there a famlial risk in pre-eclampsia

A

As an imbalance of vasoconstrictors and vasodilators can be genetic

38
Q

What are some of the complications to the mother for pre-eclampsia

A

Eclampsia

Severe hypertension

Stroke

DIC

HELLP syndrome

39
Q

What are the complicatoins to the baby in pre-eclampsia

A

IUGR

Prematurity

Intra-uterine death

40
Q

Why can complications of pre-eclampsia affect the baby

A

As it can cause impaired placenta perfusion

41
Q

What are the treatments for pre-eclampsia

A

Delivery (C-section or induction)

Labetolol

Methyldopa

Nifedipine

Magnsium suplhate

Steroids (for baby)

42
Q
A
43
Q

How many weeks before delivery would sufferes of pre-eclmapisa wanting to have another baby take low-dose aspirin

A

12 weeks prior to delivery

44
Q

What drugs should be stopped if suffers of pre-eclampsia are being treated

A

ACEis

ARBs

Anti-diuretics

45
Q

What is HELLP syndrome

A

A type of severe pre-eclampsia

46
Q

Can a pregnant woman get HELLP syndrome withoug being hypertensive

A

Yes

47
Q

What are the classic signs of HELLP syndrome

A

Hemolysis (-> anaemia)

Elevated Liver enzymes

Low Platelets (thrombocytopenia)

48
Q

If a sufferer of pre-eclampsia gets a low Hb count, low liver enzymes and low platelet count- what is the diagnosis

A

Pre-eclampsia complicated by HELLP syndrome

Systems- Repro (14 decks)

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