Pregnancy Flashcards
low birthweight
less than 5.5 lbs indicates poor health in newborn and mother during pregnancy
2 types
premature (appropriate for gestational age)
small for gestational age
normal birthweight for full-term baby
6.5-8.5 lb
appropriate for gestational age
aka AGA
premature babies whose weight is appropriate
small for gestational age
SGA
suffered growth in uterus
may or may not have been born early
full-term pregnancy length
10 months
placenta
organ that develops in uterus where mom’s blood and fetal blood circulates
amniotic sac
“bag of waters” in uterus where fetus floats
umbilical cord
fetus’ veins and arteries reach placenta through the cord
how fetus is nourished, gets oxygen, and excretes waste
fetus
developing infant from 8 weeks after conception until birth
critical period
finite period during development in which certain events occur that have irreversible effects on later development
period of rapid cell division
vitamin required for rapid cell proliferation
folate
energy RDA during trimester 2 & 3
+300 kcal/day
protein RDA during pregnancy
+10 g/day
how does pregnancy affect bowels?
slows them, causing constipation
recommended weight gains for pregnancy
if you have underweight BMI: 28-40 lbs
normal BMI: 25-35 lbs
overweight BMI: 15-25
obese class 1 BMI: 13 lbs minimum
gestational diabetes
abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy
sugary drink test
16-20 weeks
glucose tolerance test
preeclampsia
condition characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
eclampsia
sever stage of preeclampsia in which convulsions occur
warning signs of preeclampsia
HTN, protein in urine, upper abdominal pain, severe headache, swelling (of face), dizziness, blurred vision, sudden weight gain (1lb / day)
to alleviate nausea of pregnancy
get up slowly
eat dry toast or crackers before getting out of bed
small meals
chew gum / suck hard candy
don’t drink citrus juice, water, milk, coffee, or tea
take prenatal vitamin and iron supplements on a full stomach
to relieve heartburn
small meals
drink fluid between meals
no spicy / greasy foods
sit up while eating
wait an hour after eating before laying down
wait 2 hrs after eating before exercise
lactation
production and secretion of breast milk
1st 4 months of newborn … weight?
should double
1st year of life of newborn… weight?
should triple
babies are born with __ supply of iron
6 months
jaundice in baby
if breastfed it’s common
baby may lose __% of birthweight
10
alpha lactalbumin
chief protein in human breast milk
casein is chief protein in cow’s milk
lactoferrin
a factor in breast milk that binds iron and keeps it from supporting the growth of the infant’s intestinal bacteria
colostrum
milk like secretion rich in protective factors
present during first day after delivery before actual milk appears
bifidus factors
found in colostrum and breast milk that favor the growth of friendly bacterium lactobacillus bifidus in intestines
these bacteria prevent other less desirable ones from flourishing
liquid formula preparation
mix with equal part of water
moderately expensive
powered formula preparation
read label
cheapest
ready-to-feed formula
pour directly into clean bottles
most expensive
1st solid food to feed baby?
iron fortified rice cereal
bottle at night?
no, tooth decay
rice cereal in bottle?
no, ear infections
autoimmune disease if introduce new foods too quickly?
yes…?
