Overweight, Underweight, and Weight Control

Question 1

inch to cm

Answer 1

1 inch = 2.54 cm

Question 2

kg to lb.

Answer 2

1 kg. = 2.2 lbs

Question 3

cm to m

Answer 3

100cm = 1m

Question 4

calculate BMI

Answer 4

wt(kg) / ht(m^2)

lbs x 705) / ht(in^2

Question 5

what is BMI?

Answer 5

index of a person’s weight in relation to height

healthy is between 18.5-25

Question 6

lowest mortality BMI

Answer 6

20-25

Question 7

central obesity

Answer 7

excess fat on the abdomen and trunk

linked to diabetes, stroke, hypertension, CAD

Question 8

intra-abdominal fat

Answer 8

fat stored in the abdominal cavity in association with abdominal organs

Question 9

subcutaneous fat

Answer 9

fat stored directly under the skin

Question 10

apple/pear shape

Answer 10

apple: abdominal fat most common in men
pear: lower body fat most common in women

Question 11

fatfold measure

Answer 11

clinical estimate of total body fatness w/ caliper

measure triceps fold, below shoulder blade

Question 12

waist circumference

Answer 12

measure used to assess abdominal fat

Question 13

overweight

Answer 13

body weight above some standard of acceptable weight

usually BMI

Question 14

obesity

Answer 14

chronic disease characterized by excessively high body fat in relation to lean body mass

Question 15

should the same person take measurements?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

BMI categories

Answer 16

18. 5 or less: underweight
19. 5-25 normal

25-30 overweight

30-35 obese class I

35-40 obese class II

40 and above extremely obese class III

Question 17

disease risk based on weight circumference and BMI (>40 inches in men > 35 inches in women)

Answer 17

18. 5 or less: low
19. 5-25: low

25-30: increased / high

30-35: high / very high

35-40: very high

40 and above: extremely high

Question 18

some evidence shows that being moderately overweight increases risk of heart disease T/F?

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what is a gene’s influence of obesity?

Answer 19

influences body’s tendency to consume or store too much energy or to burn too little

LPL: lipoprotein lipase

leptin differences

Question 20

LPL

Answer 20

lipoprotein lipase

enzyme mounted on the surface of fat cells

hydrolyzes triglycerides in blood into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption into cells

Question 21

leptin

Answer 21

protein produced by fat cells under direction of the obesity gene that increases satiety and energy expenditure

Question 22

effect of fat cell development on obesity

Answer 22

excess development

fat cell # and size

Question 23

set-point theory

Answer 23

theory proposing that the body maintains a certain weight by means of its own internal controls

Question 24

environmental stimuli and obesity

Answer 24

these stimuli and learned behaviors like conditioned appetite and low physical activity increase obesity

Question 25

learned behavior types

Answer 25

hunger

appetite

Question 26

hunger

Answer 26

physiological need to eat; experienced as a drive to obtain food

its an unpleasant sensation that demands relief

Question 27

appetite

Answer 27

psychological desire to eat; learned motivation that is experienced as a pleasant sensation

accompanies sight, smell, or thought of appealing foods

Question 28

inactivity effect on obesity

Answer 28

input vs. output

technology decreases activity

Question 29

reasonable weight loss goals

Answer 29

reduce weight by 10% over half a year

maintain lower body weight over long term

at a minimum, prevent further weight gain

Question 30

fat loss expectations

Answer 30

1/2 - 2 lbs/week

to lose a lb. a week cut 500 calories/day

Question 31

% weight loss improvements

Answer 31

5% sees improvement

10% significant improvement

Question 32

healthy eating plan

Answer 32

nutritional adequacy

small frequent meals and small portions

carbs are whole grains, legumes, fruits & veggies with fiber, vitamins & minerals

limit sugar/alcohol intake

adequate water (30ml/kg/day or 1ml per kcal/day)

Question 33

how does exercise help?

Answer 33

direct increase in energy output (muscles/cardio)

indirect energy output BMR

appetite control

psychological benefits

Question 34

is spot reducing fat possible?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

behavior modification

Answer 35

changing behavior with manipulation of antecedents, the behavior itself, and consequnces

Question 36

underweight weight gain plan

Answer 36

exercise to build muscle

energy dense food

large portions

3 meals a day

juice and milk

Question 37

what can underweight lead to?

Answer 37

bone loss

pregnancy/childbirth problems

depressed immunity

poor medical recovery due to decreased reserves

Question 38

anorexia nervosa

Answer 38

severe state of underweight and intentional starvation

Question 39

how to combat eating disorders

Answer 39

maintain adequacy - food guide pyramid

eat frequently to avoid hunger

reasonable weight goals & timeframe

Question 40

athletes should…

Answer 40

replace wt loss goals w/ skill and performance goals

only try to lose weight in off season

get proper nutrition

Question 41

childhood obesity

Answer 41

behaviors that increase obesity start in childhood

obesity and type 2 diabetes strongly linked

childhood obesity changes arteries (causes CVD later in life)

Question 42

atherosclerosis, HTN, high cholesterol may develop before age __ in obese children

Answer 42

10

Question 43

should children be on diets?

Answer 43

no, limits growth

Question 44

is fat intake to blame for increased childhood obesity?

Answer 44

no, but those who prefer high fat foods are more likely to be overweight