Calcium, Phosphorus, Trace Elements Flashcards

1
Q

major minerals

A

calcium

phosphorus

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2
Q

trace minerals

A

iron

fluoride

iodine

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3
Q

mineral functions

A

cofactor

body components

nerve impulses

muscle contraction

body growth

water balance

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4
Q

bioavailability

A

depends on how mineral is absorbed

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5
Q

mineral-mineral interaction

A

ionic charges compete for absorption

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6
Q

mineral-vitamin interaction

A

aids absorption

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7
Q

calcium location

A

99% teeth and bones

1% blood

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8
Q

calcium functions

A

circulates and helps regulate muscle contraction and nerve impulses

helps with blood clotting and hormone secretion

enzymes, neurotransmitters, cofactor for enzymes

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9
Q

calcium balance

A

regulators are hormones from thyroid and parathyroid

vitamin D

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10
Q

parathormone

A

raises blood calcium

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11
Q

calcitonin/thyrocalcitonin

A

lower blood calcium by inhibiting release from bone

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12
Q

vitamin D calcium function

A

raises blood calcium

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13
Q

if high blood calcium…

A

vit D and hormones promote deposit into bones

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14
Q

if low blood calcium…

A

intestines absorb

bones release

kidneys excrete less calcium

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15
Q

if low vit D or abnormal hormones

A

calcium rigor

calcium tetany

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16
Q

calcium rigor

A

hardness or stiffness of muscles caused by high blood calcium

17
Q

calcium tetany

A

intermittent spasms of extremities due to nervous and muscular excitability

caused by low blood calcium

18
Q

phosphorus facts

A

2nd most prevalent mineral in body

mostly in bones & teeth

in all body cells

part of DNA/RNA

needed for cell growth

phospholipid bilayer

19
Q

phosphorus sources

A

animal protein

soda

20
Q

excess phosphorus causes

A

calcium excretion

21
Q

iron facts

A

in every cell

most found in hemoglobin and myoglobin

only 10-15% absorbed

22
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen carrying protein of RBC

23
Q

myoglobin

A

oxygen carrying protein of muscle cells

24
Q

where is iron absorbed, stored, transported

A

absorbed in intestine

stored as ferritin, hemosiderin

transported as transferrin

25
iron deficiency
anemia, highest deficiency in world
26
anemia test
measures hemoglobin concentration of blood
27
iron-deficiency anemia disease / hypochromic anemia
small, pale red blood cells RBC called microcytic
28
pica
craving for nonfood substances geophagia means eating clay
29
heme vs. nonheme
heme comes from animal sources non heme is plant sources
30
iron overload
toxicity from excess iron hemochromatosis hemosiderosis
31
hemochromatosis
deposits of iron containing pigment in tissues; tissue damage hereditary defect in iron metabolism
32
hemosiderosis
deposition of iron storage protein hemosiderin in the liver and other tissues
33
what inhibits iron absorption
calcium tannins: compounds in tea/coffee that bind iron phytates: nonnutrient component of grains, legumes, and seeds
34
phytates
can bind minerals like iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium in insoluble complexes in the intestine body then excretes them unused
35
goiter
enalrgement of thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency, malfunction of the gland, or overconsumption of thyroid antagonist if caused by iodine then considered a simple goiter
36
cretinism
iodine deficiency characterized by mental and physical retardation