Pregnancy

Question 1

how long is the menstrual cycle normally?

Answer 1

28 days long

Question 2

when does the menstrual cycle begin?

Answer 2

menstruation

Question 3

what are the two phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 3

follicular phase

luteal phase

Question 4

what is the first half of the menstrual cycle called?

Answer 4

follicular phase

Question 5

what happens in the follicular phase?

Answer 5

ovum develops in the follicle

oestrogen produced by the follicle

Question 6

when does LH peak?

Answer 6

at around 14 days

just before ovulation

Question 7

what happens to the follicle after ovulation?

Answer 7

becomes the corpus luteum

Question 8

what is the second half of the menstrual cycle called?

Answer 8

the luteal phase

Question 9

what does the luteum do?

Answer 9

grows and produces progesterone

Question 10

what happens if fertilisation does not occur?

Answer 10

the luteum dies off

menstrual cycle starts again

Question 11

what hormone does the ovum produce?

Answer 11

oestradiol

Question 12

what hormone does the corpus luteum produce?

Answer 12

progesterone

Question 13

what hormone does the implanted zygote produce?

Answer 13

HCG

Question 14

what hormone is picked up by a pregnancy test?

Answer 14

HCG

Question 15

what three hormones are produced by the placenta?

Answer 15

human placental lactogen (HPL)
placental progesterone
placental oestrogens

Question 16

what causes insulin resistance in a pregnant mother?

Answer 16

placental progesterone

HPL

Question 17

what are the three types of diabetes found in pregnancy?

Answer 17

type 1
type 2
gestational

Question 18

what is gestational diabetes?

Answer 18

diabetes that comes on during pregnancy and will go away after

Question 19

when does foetal organogenesis start?

Answer 19

5 weeks gestation

Question 20

what are some complications associated with T1 and T2Dm in pregnancy?

Answer 20

malformation
prematurity
IUGR

Question 21

what are some complications associated with all types of diabetes in pregnancy?

Answer 21

macrosomia
polyhydramnios
intrauterine death

Question 22

what is macrosomia?

Answer 22

baby >90th centile for size

Question 23

what is polyhydraminos?

Answer 23

increased amniotic fluid around the baby

Question 24

name three possible complications that can affect babies of diabetic mothers after birth

Answer 24

respiratory distress
hypoglycaemia
hypocalcaemia

Question 25

what should be prescribed for all diabetic women who become pregnant?

Answer 25

folic acid 5mg

at least 3 months prior to conception if possible

Question 26

when are eye checks done in pregnancy for diabetic patients?

Answer 26

every 10 weeks

20 week check can be skipped if week 10 clear

Question 27

what medications can be given for blood pressure in pregnancy?

Answer 27

labetalol
nifedipine
methyldopa

Question 28

what blood pressure drugs should be avoided in pregnancy?

Answer 28

ACEi

statins

Question 29

what medication should be started in all high risk pregnancies and why?

Answer 29

aspirin 150mg at 12 weeks

reduces risk of pregnancy induced hypertension

Question 30

what should be done in the post-natal period for someone with gestational diabetes?

Answer 30

6 week post natal fasting glucose or OGTT to ensure resolution of diabetes

Question 31

what impact can thyroid disease have on fertility?

Answer 31

result in anovulatory cycles

Question 32

what are anovulatory cycles?

Answer 32

menstrual cycles without ovulation

Question 33

what is maternal thyroxine important for during foetal development?

Answer 33

development of the CNS

Question 34

what should be done for patients on levothyroxine if they become pregnant?

Answer 34

dose should be increased ASAP

Question 35

what effect does HCG have on thyroid hormones?

Answer 35

suppresses TSH

causes high T4

Question 36

what does high HCG cause?

Answer 36

hyperemesis

Question 37

what anti-thyroid drugs can be used in pregnancy?

Answer 37

propylthiouracil in semester 1

carbimazole in the others