Diabetes Emergencies Flashcards
when does DKA occur?
when there is insulin deficiency
what ketone level is present in DKA?
over 3 mmol/L
what blood glucose is seen in DKA?
> 11 mmol/L
what bicarbonate is seen in DKA?
< 15 mmol/L
OR a venous pH <7.3
what are the possible causes of mortality in adults with DKA?
hypokalaemia
aspiration pneumonia
ARDS
what is the possible cause of mortality in children with DKA?
cerebral oedema
what are the two groups of precipitants of DKA?
insulin deficiency
increased insulin demand
what five things can increase insulin demand?
infection inflammation intoxication infarction iatrogenic
name six clinical signs of DKA
thirst polyuria dehydration flushed vomiting abdominal pain
what is the breathlessness in DKA called?
kussmaul’s respiration
what are two conditions associated with DKA?
sepsis
gastroenteritis
where should patients with DKA be managed?
HDU
what is HHS?
hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome
what biochemistry is seen in HHS?
hypovolaemia
hyperglycaemia
high bicarbonate
raised osmolality
what diseases are associated with HHS?
cardiovascular disease
sepsis
