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Y2 Endocrine > Pathology - Thyroid > Flashcards

Pathology - Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

where does the thyroid begin development?

A

the pharyngeal epithelium

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2
Q

where does the thyroid descend along during development?

A

the thyroglossal duct

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3
Q

what is a thyroid that fails to descend called?

A

lingual thyroid

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4
Q

what is a thyroid that descends too far called?

A

retrosternal thyroid

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5
Q

histologically, what is the thyroid comprised of?

A

lobules separated by fibrous tissue

these lobules contain follicles

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6
Q

what is found inside the centre of the follicles in the thyroid gland?

A

thyroglobulin

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7
Q

what is another name for the C cells scattered through the thyroid gland?

A

parafollicular cells

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8
Q

what do parafollicular cells secreted?

A

calcitonin

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9
Q

what causes the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

excess T3 and T4

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10
Q

what is another name for hyperthyroidism?

A

thyrotoxicosis

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

grave’s disease

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12
Q

what is grave’s disease?

A

autoimmune disorder resulting in hyperthyroidism

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13
Q

describe the typical grave’s patient

A

female aged 20-40 years old

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14
Q

what is the characteristic triad of features seen in grave’s disease?

A

hyperthyroidism
exophthalmos
pretibial myxoedema

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15
Q

what causes the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A

low levels of T3 and T4

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16
Q

what is the main cause of hypothyroidism?

A

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

17
Q

what genes are associated with hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

HLA DR3 and HLA DR5

18
Q

what is hashimoto’s thyroiditis?

A

autoimmune destruction of thyroid tissue resulting in hypothyroidism

19
Q

what is a goitre?

A

an enlargement of the thyroid gland

20
Q

what are the four types of thyroid carcinoma?

A

papillary
follicular
medullary
anaplastic

21
Q

what is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

A

papillary carcinoma

Y2 Endocrine (33 decks)

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