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PARASITOLOGY > PREFINAL: THE FILARIAE > Flashcards

PREFINAL: THE FILARIAE Flashcards

1
Q

blood feeding arthropod vector-borne nematodes

A

THE FILARIAE

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2
Q

LYMPHATIC FILARIAE:

A
  1. Wuchereria bancrofti
  2. Brugia malayi
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3
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS FILARIAE:

A
  1. Loa loa
  2. Onchocerca volvulus
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4
Q

Filariae that causes infection in the
abdomen

A

SEROUS CAVITY

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5
Q

Considered one of the most delabilating diseases that is known in the man

A

LYMPHATIC FILARIAE

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6
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti common name

A

Bancroft’s filarial worm

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7
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti can cause

A

Bancroftian filariasis

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8
Q

creamy white, long and have filiform shaped

A

w. bancrofti adult worm

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9
Q

 270-290 um
 Small snake-like organism
 Moved along red blood cells
 Enclosed in a hyaline sheath, Sheathed
 Sheath of microfilaria is much longer than the microfilaria itself
 When stained, shows dark staining nuclei (important identifying features) and tail end culminates in a point that is free of nuclei

A

w. bancrofti MICROFILARIA

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10
Q

intermediate Hosts of w. bancrofti

A

Aedes
Anopheles
Culex

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11
Q

definitive Host of w. bancrofti

A

human

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12
Q

mot of wuchereria bancrofti

A

mosquito bite

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13
Q

periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti

A

nocturnal

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14
Q

diagnostic stage of w. bancrofti

A

Sheathed microfilariae

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15
Q

infective stage of w. bancrofti

A

3rd STAGE LARVAE

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16
Q

Brugia malayi common name

A

malayan filarial worm

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17
Q

Brugia malayi common name

A

malayan filarial worm

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18
Q

Brugia malayi can cause

A

MALAYAN FILARIASIS

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19
Q

MALE: 13-23 mm in length
 FEMALE: 43-55 mm

A

b. malayi adult worm

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20
Q
  • sheated
    When stained, shows 2 distinct nuclei at the end of the tail
A

b. malayi MICROFILARIA

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21
Q

INTERMEDIATE HOSTS of b. malayi

A

Mansonia

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22
Q

Definitive host of b. malayi

A

humans

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23
Q

PERIODICITY of b. malayi

A

nocturnal and subperiodic

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24
Q

 Can be acquired during childhood
 May take years to manifest itself
 Can be asymptomatic, acute stage or chronic stage
 Lymphatic localization (important for parasite survival)
 Lymph is less aggressive than bloodbecause there is no platelets, no complement system, no coagulation, no granulocytes and less violent

A

LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS

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25
Q
  • parasite induced lymphatic dilatation, common feature of patent infection (parasitic org. can be demonstrated in the body)
  • Lymph node/system dilates
A

LYMPHANGIECTASIA

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26
Q

Growth of lymphatic vessels due to the inducement of proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells (because of the antigens introduced by filarial parasites)

A

LYMPHANGIOGENESIS

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27
Q

LYMPHANGIOGENESIS can lead to

A

LYMPHEDEMA

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28
Q

swelling of
lymph due to increased lymph fluid

A

LYMPHEDEMA

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29
Q

limbs like elephants

A

ELEPHANTIASIS

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30
Q

 Most common acute manifestation of LF
 Localized pain
 Lymphadenitis or lymphangitis

A

ACUTE DERMATOLYMPHANGIOADENITIS (ADLA)

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31
Q

Most common chronic manifestation of LF
 Most common affected: LOWER LIMBS(but upper limb and male genitalia can be affected also)
 Progression to ELEPHANTIASI

A

LYMPHEDEMA

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32
Q

obstructions of the lymphatic in the
tunica vaginalis

A

Formation of HYDROCELE (CHYLOCELE)

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33
Q

accumulation of fluid or hydrocele fluid (clear or straw colored)

A

HYDROCELE

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34
Q

milky fluid (presence of lymph fluid)
- Accumulates in the sac of the testes of the male patients

A

CHYLOCELE

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35
Q

(common and more severe)

A

GENITALS – BANCROFTIAN
FILIARISIS

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36
Q

(less common and severe)

A

GROIN - MALAYAN FILIARIASIS

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37
Q

 Immunologic hyper-responsiveness to mature/maturing worms
 Typically occurs from foreigners infected by LF from endemic areas

A

EXPATRIATE SYNDROME

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38
Q

(enlargement of lymph nodes)

A

LYMPHADENITIS

39
Q

(inflammation of lymphatic channels)

A

LYMPHANGITIS

40
Q

Clinical manifestation is not present and microfilaria is not seen in the blood but microfilaria hides in tissues specifically LUNG TISSUE
 Occult form of FILIARIASIS
 May progress to CHRONIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS and RESPIRATORY FAILURE if untreated
 High titers of IgE (Ig of parasite)

A

TROPICAL PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA

41
Q

Milky – chyle/lymph fluid leakage

A

URINE

42
Q

Traditionally accepted procedure
for diagnosis

A

MICROSCOPIC FINDINGS of
MICROFILARIA IN THE BLOOD

43
Q

o Microfilariae in wet/thick blood
smears (8pm-4am due to
NOCTURNAL)
o Knott’s Concentration Method
/Nucleopore Filter – for low
infections
o Chronic Infections may not be
demonstrable in the peripheral
blood cause by low intensity of
infection, dead worms or
obstructive lymphatics due to
increased no. of parasites

A

BLOOD

44
Q

8pm to 4am collection

A

thick and blood smear for lymphatic filariae

45
Q

3 mg/kg DEC SINGLE DOSE
o Allows collection during daytime
o Stimulate the microfilaria to migrate in the peripheral circulation and collect blood through blood smears

A

DEC/ DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE
PROVOCATIVE TEST

46
Q

o PREFERRED
o Antigens from microfilaria
o Latent infections (infections that are delayed/natutulog na parasite)
o Mainly done using IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC CARD TEST
o ANTIGEN DETECTION STRIP (card) TESTS – RDTs (sensitive and specific)

A

CIRCULATING FILARIAL ANTIGENS
(CFA)

47
Q

Growth of mosquito inside the laboratory

A

XENOMONITORING OF MOSQUITOES

48
Q

Growth of mosquito inside the laboratory

A

XENOMONITORING OF MOSQUITOES

49
Q

MICROSCOPIC COMPARISON using

A

STAINED THICK BLOOD FILMS

50
Q

MICROSCOPIC COMPARISON using

A

STAINED THICK BLOOD FILMS

51
Q

Mean length (um) of w. bancrofti

A

290

52
Q

Mean length (um) of b. malayi

A

222

53
Q

Cephalic space: breadth of w. bancrofti

A

1:1

54
Q

Cephalic space: breadth of b. malayi

A

2:1

55
Q

Sheath in Giemsa of w. bancrofti

A

unstained

56
Q

Sheath in Giemsa of b. malayi

A

pink

57
Q

Nuclei of w. bancrofti

A

Regularly spaced, separately situated

58
Q

nuclei of b. malayi

A

Irregularly spaced, and overlapping

59
Q

tail of w. bancrofti

A

Single row of nuclei that does not reach the tail’s end

60
Q

tail of b. malayi

A

Single row of nuclei that reaches the
tail’s end

61
Q

terminal nuclei of w. bancrofti

A

none

62
Q

terminal nuclei of b. malayi

A

2 nuclei, which bulge the cuticle, conspicuously placed

63
Q

Appearance in blood film of w. bancrofti

A

Smoothly curved

64
Q

Appearance in blood film of b. malayi

A

kinky

65
Q

Innenkorper length (um) of w. bancrofti

A

34

66
Q

Innenkorper length (um) of b. malayi

A

30.7

67
Q

TREATMENT of LYMPHATIC FILARIAE

A

DEC (DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE)
- Drug of Choice
- 6mg/kg for 12 CONSECUTIVE DAYS
- Discover in 1948

68
Q

Loa loa common name

A

AFRICAN EYE WORM

69
Q

Typically white in color and Threadlike appearance

A

L. loa ADULT WORM

70
Q

 248-300 um
 Sheathed
 When stained, shows tail with continuous end of nuclei (1 nuclei)

A

L. loa MICROFILARIA

71
Q

DIAGNOSTIC STAGE OF LOA LOA

A

 MICROFILARIAE IN BLOOD AND
TISSUES
 ADULT WORMS EXTRACTED

72
Q

INFECTIVE STAGE OF LOA LOA:

A

3RD STAGE LARVAE

73
Q

INTERMEDIATE HOST of l. loa

A

CHRYSOPS FLY (DAY BITING FLY)

74
Q

DEFINITIVE HOSTS of loa loa

A

humans

75
Q

mot of loa loa

A

fly bite

76
Q

PERIODICITY of l. loa

A

DIURNAL (they can be found during the day)

77
Q

Transient subcutaneous swellings

A

LOIASIS
 CALABAR/FUGITIVE SWELLINGS

78
Q
  • MICROFILARIAE IN GIEMSA STAINED IN BLOOD (10:15 AM – 2:15 PM)
     Extraction of adult worms on body
    locations
     Serologic testing
A

BLOOD (DIAGNOSIS)

79
Q

treatment of loa loa

A

DEC (DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE)
 SURGICAL REMOVAL/EXTRACTION

80
Q

Onchocerca volvulus common name

A

BLINDING FILARIA

81
Q
  • Thin and wirelike appearance
     MALE: 25-50 mm
     FEMALE: up to 500 mm
A

Onchocerca volvulus ADULT WORMS

82
Q

 150-355 um
 Unsheathed (found in tissue only)
 When stained, nuclei do not extend to tip of tail

A

MICROFILARIA

83
Q

Adult filariae can live to the nodules
for approximately____

A

15 years

84
Q

LIFE SPAN OF MICROFILARIAE of onchocerca volvulus

A

2 YEARS

85
Q

Diagnostic stage of onchocerca volvulus

A

MICROFILARIAE IN BLOOD AND
TISSUES

86
Q

Infective stage of onchocerca volvulus

A

3RD STAGE LARVAE

87
Q

INTERMEDIATE HOSTS of onchocerca volvulus

A

SIMULIUM (BLACKFLY)

88
Q

definitive Host of onchocerca volvulus

A

humans

89
Q

mot of onchocerca volvulus

A

fly bite

90
Q

PERIODICITY OF ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS

A

NONPERIODIC (microfilaria circulate in the blood throughout 24 hour period)

91
Q

 SKIN: loss of elasticity and nodules
 RIVER BLINDNESS: lesion formation in the eye

A

ONCHOCERCIASIS

92
Q

Uses SLIT LAMP

A

OPHTHALMOLOGIC EXAM

93
Q
  • MICROFILARIAE IN GIEMSA STAINED TISSUE
  • Tissue biopsy in the infected area –
    SPECIMEN OF CHOICE
  • Obtained with little blood (to avoid
    contamination sample)
A

SKIN SNIPS

94
Q

treatment of onchocerca volvulus

A

 IVERMECTIN
 THERAPY CAN BE LONG BECAUSE OF THE ADULT WORM LIFESPAN (15 YEARS)

PARASITOLOGY (12 decks)

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