FINALS: Clonorchis sinensis (Liver Flukes)

Question 1

“Chinese liver fluke”

Answer 1

Clonorchis sinensis

Question 2

Most important liver fluke of man

Answer 2

Clonorchis sinensis

Question 3

1st reported in India in 1874 during an autopsy of a 20-year-old Chinese patient

Answer 3

Clonorchis sinensis

Question 4

Definitive host:

Answer 4

humans

Question 5

Intermediate host:
o 1st: snail

Answer 5

▪ Parafossarulus manchouricus
▪ Parafossarulus anomalospiralis
▪ Parafossarulus stratulus
▪ Bulinus striatulus
▪ Semisulcospira
▪ Alocinma longicornis
▪ Thiara granifera
▪ Melanoides tuberculatus

Question 6

o 2nd: freshwater fish

Answer 6

Cyprinidae

Question 7

Reservoir host:

Answer 7

dogs and other fisheating canines

Question 8

Infective Stage:

Answer 8

metacercariae

Question 9

Diagnostic Stage:

Answer 9

embryonated egg

Question 10

• Color: yellowish-brown
• Shape: oval with convex operculum resting on visible shoulders
• Has an abopercular knob
• Content: well-developed miracidium

Answer 10

Egg

Question 11

Shape:flat, transparent, spatulate pointed anteriorly and rounder posteriorly
• Testes: two large, highly branched

Answer 11

Adult Worm

Question 12

<100 flukes
o Asymptomatic
o Symptoms: diarrhea, and abdominal pain

Answer 12

Light infection

Question 13

101-1,000 flukes
o Symptoms: fever, diarrhea, loss of appetite, rash, edema, night blindness, swollen abdomen, and enlargement of the liver

Answer 13

Moderate infection

Question 14

up to 25,000 flukes
o Symptoms: acute pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

Answer 14

High infections

Question 15

• Metacercariae mature in the biliary system, resulting to local trauma and irritation
• Most significant sequelae: hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 15

Clonorchiasis