FINALS: LUNG TREMATODE Flashcards
“Oriental lung fluke”
Paragonimus westermani
Causes 90% of paragonimiasis in Asia
Paragonimus westermani
identified in cats
P. siamensis
Definitive host:
humans
Intermediate host:
o 1st
▪ Antemelania asperata
▪ Antemelania dactylus (formerly known as Brotia asperata)
formerly known as Brotia asperata
Antemelania dactylus
2nd
▪ Mountain crab:
Sundathelphusa philippina (formerly known as Parathelphusa grapsoides)
formerly known as Parathelphusa grapsoides
Sundathelphusa philippina
Infective Stage:
metacercariae
Diagnostic Stage:
unembryonated egg
EGGS
Shape
Somewhat oval
chronic bronchiectasis and pleural fibrosis, secondary-severe parenchymal and pleural damage
Sequelae
cause both pulmonary and ectopic paragonimiasis
Heavy intensity infections
releases IgE, resulting to an allergic reaction
Peritoneal macrophage
releases protease, resulting to eosinophil-associated tissue inflammation
Metacercariae
Paragonimiasis
• Most common symptoms:
chronic cough and hemoptysis
Cutaneous and cerebral paragonimiasis:
classic forms of ectopic infection
feature: slow-moving, nodular lesion in the subcutaneous tissue on the abdomen or chest
Cutaneous paragonimiasis
most serious complication of human paragonimiasis
o Manifestations: headache, seizures, meningismus, hemiparesis, blurring of vision, diplopia, homonymous hemianopsia, and aphasia
Cerebral paragonimiasis
detection of the characteristic eggs in sputum, stool, or in aspirated material from abscess or pleural effusions
Microscopy
best sensitivity for microscopic diagnosis
Sputum concentration with 3% NaOH
CT scan or MRI for cerebral paragonimiasis
Chest radiographs
immunoblotting, ELISA
Serology
epidemiological surveys in developing countries
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test
alternative drug
Bithionol
binds to B-tubulins = depolymerization and disruption of microtubule-based processes
Triclabendazole
