Pre exam flashcards
Beta blocker side effects
- Bronchospasm
- Fatigue
- Cold peripheries
Cephalohaematoma vs Caput Succadeneum
Cephalo- associated with instrument deliveries, does not cross suture lines
Caput - prolonged labour and resolve ina couple of days
lorazepam key side effect
anterograde amnesia
ciprofloxacin and epilepsy
can reduce seizure threshold
Patau Syndrome
Microcephalic,small eyes, cleft lip, polydactyly, scalp lesions
Edwards Syndrome(Trisome 18)
Micrognathia(small Jaw),Low set ears,rocker bottom feet, overlapping fingers
Fragile X
Learning difficulties, Long face, long ears, Macro-orchidism, macroorchidism
Pierre-Robin syndrome
Micrognathia, Posterior displacement of tongue, cleft lip
sounds very french symptoms.
Prader Willi
Hypotonia, Hypogonadism,Obesity
Williams syndrome
Short stature, Learning difficulties, Friendly extrovert, Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
avoid oxybutynin in elderly because
increased risk of falls
Furunculosis
infection hair follicle, staph infection, pain exacerbated by pressure on tragus or movement of the pinna
Rotator cuff tear
crepitus over subacromial area. , x-ray bony avulsion, MOI:hyperabduction/hyperextension
Gingival hyperplasia drugs
Ciclosporin, Ca Channel drugs, ciclosporin
Anorexia nervosa
LH is depressed, normal ESR, hypokalaemia, raised cortisol and growth hormone
Friebergs
12-15y, girls, pain on wt bearing
Splenectomy risk of which bacterial infections
encapsulated- SHiN SKiS)- Strep pneumo, Haemophilus influenza, Neisseria meningitidis. GBs, Klebsiella, Salmonella Typhi
Pinna cellulitis vs Pinna perichondritis
Cellulits does not spare the ear lobe- perichondritis does.
Stress fracture
army man , tender lump on dorsum of foot
Maisonneuve fracture
spiral fracture of proximal fibula and associated fracture of medial malleolus.
Quincy-
usual causative organism is strep pyogenes. Can spread to neck tissue and cause nec fasc
COPD management
NICE approach- asthma steroid responsive or not- steroid responsive- LABA+ ICS, non steroid responsive- LABA+LAMA
Erysipelas
common cause is strep pyogenes-
Subclinical hypothyroidism
high TSH, normal T4- need to repeat in 3 months to confirm diagnosis and start thyroxine if TSH>10, autoimmune profile, previous graves
Lymphogranuloma venereum
painless genital ulcers with lymphadenopathy
Haemophilus Ducreyi
painful genital ulcers.
Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
fever, chills, flushing, nausea , chest tightness after a small amount of blood is transfused- usuallly abo incompatibility
Acromegaly
causes bilateral carpal tunnel
Nitrofurantoin, Amiodarone, Methotrexate, bleomycin
Drug induced pulmonary fibrosis
anti mitochondrial-management- ursodeoxycholic acid-improves symptoms reduce progression, Itching- cholestyramine
Primary biliary cirrhosis antibody
Anticentromere-
CREST syndrome
demeclocycline, lithium,
Drugs that cause nephrogenic diabetes insipiduS
Management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidu
thiazide diuretics, large dose desmopressin, NSAIDs- indomethacin
Drugs that cause gynaecomastia:
Digoxin, ketoconazole, spironolactone, Cimetidine, finasteride
no of times getting pregnant
Gravida
disturbance of renal tubular transport. Leads to aminoaciduria, glycosuria, phosphaturia , RICKETS(leg bowing, frontal bossing)- keyword cystinosis
Fanconi Syndrome
rubbery subcutaneous swelling that appears on the lateral aspect of the eyebrow
Dermoid Cyst
mobile subcutaneous lump that fluctuates in size and has a defined punctum
Sebaceous cyst
SSRI for obese people
Fluoxetine
Liver pathology with dry eyes(sicca syndrome)
primary biliary cirrhosis
Type I - Anaphylactic
- Anaphylaxis
* Atopy (e.g. asthma, eczema and hayfever)
Type II - Cell bound
- Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- ITP
- Goodpasture’s syndrome
- Pernicious anaemia
- Acute haemolytic transfusion reactions
- Rheumatic fever
- Pemphigus vulgaris / bullous pemphigoid
Type III - Immune complex
- Serum sickness
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (especially acute phase)
Type IV - Delayed hypersensitivity
- Tuberculosis / tuberculin skin reaction
- Graft versus host disease
- Allergic contact dermatitis
- Scabies
- Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (especially chronic phase)
- Multiple sclerosis
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
thiazide diuretics - effect on calcium
decrease ca secretion in kidneys - hypercalcaemia
behcets vs buergers
Behcets triad- oral ulcers, genital ulcers and anterior uveitis
buergers- thromboangitis obliterans
causes of livedo reticularis
RA, sle, Polyarteritis nodosa, polymyositis, raynauds
earliest sign of diabetic retinopathy
microaneuyrsm
