Nephrolohy, ID, oncology

Question 1

diet for CKD(4 things)

Answer 1

low potassium, low phosphate, low sodium, low protein diet

Question 2

common bacteria for pneumonia when they have flu-like symptoms

Answer 2

staph aureus

Question 3

when to use trimethoprim in pregnancy

Answer 3

-never in pregnancy- especially avoid in first trimester

Question 4

when to use nitrofurantoin

Answer 4

1st trimester, careful afterwards especially during term as it can cause neonatal haemolysis

Question 5

typical anti viral therapy combination

Answer 5

2 Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors+protease inhibitor or non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTI)

Question 6

hepatitis c- can you breastfeed

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

hep C- transmission rate- needle stick, vertical

Answer 7

needle stick- 2%

vertical - 6%

Question 8

hep c management

Answer 8

2 protease inhibitors.

Question 9

S-100- tumour marker for what

Answer 9

melanoma, schwanomma

Question 10

bombesin tumour marker for what

Answer 10

small cell lung, gastric ca, neuroblastoma

Question 11

rasied afp in testes

Answer 11

non seminomatous testicular cancer

Question 12

AFP in women which ca

Answer 12

HCC, teratoma

Question 13

what does bacillus cereus(rice) do that other gastroenteritis do not do

Answer 13

vomit

Question 14

leptospirosis risk workers:sewage workers, farmers, Vets, how to differentiate from lyme

Answer 14

lyme has erythema migrans(rashes with a central clearing)

-erythema migrans is an indication to start abx(doxy)

Question 15

lyme disease organism(italian sounding)

Answer 15

borrelia burgodeferi(spirochaete)

Question 16

other use of tolvaptan

Answer 16

adult polycystic kidney disease- to slow the progression of cyst development and renal insufficiency

Question 17

screening test of ADPKD

Answer 17

USS abdomen

Question 18

first line for syphillis

Answer 18

IM benzathine penicillin

Question 19

How to look for Acute tubular necrosis

Answer 19

urine sodium- high- kidneys lose ability to retain sodium
urine osmolality- low - lose ability to concentrate urine.
brown granular casts in urine
poor response to fluid challenge

Question 20

cause of ATN(acute tubular necrosis)

Answer 20

prolonged ischaemia or toxins.

Question 21

first line for gonorrhoea

Answer 21

im ceftriaxone

Question 22

yeast and a capsule stained india ink- sex worker- diagnosis on csf

Answer 22

cryptococcal meningitis(HIV)

Question 23

diphtheria membrane

Answer 23

grey coating on tonsils(coated by necrotic mucosal cells)

Question 24

strawberry cervix with punctate lesions
offensive yellow green discharge
sti

Answer 24

trichomoniasis(rx with metronidazole)