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MSRA > endo+gastro > Flashcards

endo+gastro Flashcards

1
Q

Nelsons syndrome

A

post B/L adrenalectomy,adenoma ACTH production, increased pigmentation

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2
Q

Nelsons syndrome prevention

A

Pituitary radiotherapy

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3
Q

octreotide key side effect

A

gallstones(30%)

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4
Q

Pioglitazone contraindications(2)

A

Heart failure, LFT derangement

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5
Q

Kallman syndrome(hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism)- 2 key features on top of no secondary sexual characteristics and short stature

A

Lack of smell, cleft palate

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6
Q

latent autoimmune diabetes of Adults(LADA)

A

Type 1 DM in older people

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7
Q

Type of autoimmunce cells seen in T1DM

A

Islet cells

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8
Q

Impaired glucose tolerance level

A

glucose reading after oral glucose tolerance(7.8-11.1)

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9
Q

Impaired fasting glucose level

A

Fasting glucose (6.1-7.0)+ normal oral glucose tolerance.(<7.8)

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10
Q

Specific features of graves disease

A

pretibial myxoedema, acropachy, ophthalmoplegia, exophthalmos

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11
Q

NOT a specific feature of graves disease

A

Lid lag(thyrotoxicosis)

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12
Q

suitability of islet cell transplant

A

2 or more severe hypos+ impaired hypoglycaemic awareness

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13
Q

Initial insulin regime for T1DM

A

Twice daily premixed insulin

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14
Q

Initial insulin regime for T2DM

A

once a day insulin

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15
Q

dizziness, blurred vision upon standing, profuse sweating when eating- diabetic

A

Autonomic neuropathy(affects blood pressure, digestion, respiratory function, urination, sexual response and vision)

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16
Q

diabetic- burning sensation at both feet which is worse at night

A

distal symmetric peripheral neuropathy(numbness, tingling, prickling sensations)

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17
Q

pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

short 4th and 5th fingers(genetic), low calcium, high phosphe, ELEVATED parathyroid levels

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18
Q

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

A

same as pseudo +normal biochemistry results

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19
Q

Secondary hypoparathyroidism causes (2)

A

1) damage or removal of parathyroid glands

2) Hypomagnesiaemia

20
Q

Addisons disease key investigation

A

Short synacthen

21
Q

addisons serum changes

A

hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, hypoglycaemia

22
Q

Insulinoma key features

A

1) low glucose, high insulin levels

2) associated with MEN

23
Q

Dumping Syndrome key surgical proponent

A

Fundoplication to treat reflux(wrapping upper portion of stomach to give lower oesophagus some pressure)- can lead to unintended nerve damage

24
Q

Dumping syndrome- what is it?

A

Ingested food bypasses stomach rapidly and enter small bowel- pancreas overproduces insulin- leads to hypo post food(flushing, shaking, dizzyness)

25
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome chromosome

A

XXY- tend to be diagnosed later as adults.- most common sex chromosome disorder

26
Q

Klinefelters features

A

low testosterone- absent body hair, GYNAECOMASTIA

learning difficulties, tall.

27
Q

Hyperthyroidism key male symptom

A

Decreased libido(decrease in testosterone levels)

28
Q

Sheehans syndrome- key featurss

A

Panhypopituitarism post partum haemorrhage. Secondary amenorrhoea( hypogonadism), fatigue( hypocortisolaemia), failure of lactation( hypoprolactinaemia), feature of hypothyroidism.

29
Q

Most common eosinophilic pituitary adenoma

A

Growth hormone tumour

30
Q

Most common pituitary adenoma in children

A

Prolactinoma

31
Q

Most common pituitary adenoma adults

A

Growth hormone adenoma

32
Q

Brimocriptine and cabergoline. Key endocrine treatment

A

Dopamine agonists- key treatment for prolactinaemia

33
Q

Domperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, metoclopramide- class of drug and side effect

A

Dopamine antagonists- hyperprolactinaemia

34
Q

Symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia

A

Hypogonadism, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction

35
Q

Microprolactinoma- how common compared to macroprolactinoma

A

90% microprolactinoma-

10% macroprolactinoma >10mm diameter

36
Q

Wolfram syndrome(triad)(DOD)

A

Diabetes mellitus ,optic atrophy, deafness

37
Q

Optic atrophy symptoms

A

Colour vision and poor peripheral vision

38
Q

Lithium - Kidney damage symptoms

A

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidis- polyuria, polydipsia and persistent thirst

39
Q

Demeclocycline used in animal bites infections- key caution

A

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

40
Q

Sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy and palatal petechiae

A

Epstein Barr virus

41
Q

most common organism SBP

A

E.coli

42
Q

Antibiotic prophylaxis for SBP

A

Ciprofloxacin/norfloxacin

43
Q

management of SBP

A

IV cefotaxime

44
Q

triple therapy in htn

A

ACE+CCb+ Thiazide like diuretic

45
Q

what to give when triple therapy HTN does not work

A

Doxazocin(if K+ >4.5)

Spiro(If K+ <4.5)

46
Q

pernicious anaemia is a RF for what cancer

A

gastric

47
Q

when to stop omeprazole for endoscopy

A

2 weeks before

MSRA (14 decks)

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