Neuro Flashcards
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Acute management of migraines
Sumatriptan
Prophylactic management of migraine
Propanolol
treatment of dyskinesia in parkinsons
amantadine
damage to the 6th nerve causes which loss of function
weakness in abduction
oculomotor nerve findings-(3)
- down and out position
- mydriasis(pupil dilation)
- ptosis
diplopia when coming downstairs- contralateral side. which nerve and which damage
trochlear nerve
superior oblique muscle- affected by injury
pregnancy safe anti-epileptic
carbamazepine
common side effect of sodium valproate
weight gain
webers lateralises to the left- sensorineural or conductive
sensorineural
rinnes is conductive and when positive, it is normal. which means the deficit is sensorineural
when to stop taking anti-epileptics with regards to pregnancy
stop if fit free for 24 months
Drawing up of legs, infantile spasms
Associated with maternal asphyxia
3-8 months old
West’s syndrome
persistent cough, dyspnoea, ankle swelling, and abdominal tenderness, pulmonary fibrosis -has parkinsons- which drug
bromocriptine
procyclidine hydrochloride side effects(similar to ace inhibitor side effects)
confusion, agitation and sleeplessness.
dilated pupils-unreactive to light
tachycardia
auditory and visual hallucinations
non alcoholic cause of acute wernickes encephalopathy
bariatric surgery
wasting of dorsal interosseous,abductor digiti minimi muscles, and the first dorsal interosseous muscle between the index finger and thumb
ulnar nerve lesion
loss of dorsiflexion, loss of eversion,loss of sensation in lateral aspects of the leg
common peroneal nerve(damage to the fibula damages this nerve)
saturday night palsy symptoms
numbness in the back of hand, wrist and finger drop- affected by upper arm compression as the radial nerve winds around the humerus.
radiculopathy causes(3)
- whiplash injury
- tumours
- herpes zoster infection
define radiculopathy
specific dermatome affected-pain/paraesthesia
acute close angle glaucoma
- increase in intraocular pressure
- symptoms- sudden onset left eye pain after walking into a darkened room- semi dilated pupil
management of cluster headaches
acute- oxygen+ sumatriptan
chronic- verapamil
causes of ataxia
cerebellar lesion
proprioceptive loss
hypothyroidism-reversible
define focal dystonia
involuntary muscle contractions, abnormal postures
Menieres disease triad
tinnitus, vertigo and senorineural hearing loss+- aural fullness
brown sequard syndrome symptoms
ipsilateral weakness, loss of proprioception, and vibration sensation
Contralateral pain and temperature loss
most common cause of stroke in children
sickle-cell anaemia(watch out for african history)
can be precipitated by infection, dehydration, cold temperatures, exertion or ischaemia
what shortens duration and severity of relapse in MS
Methylprednisolone(500-1g)
what reduces rate of relapse in MS
DMARDS- interferon, Natalizumab
prochlorperazine- MOA , key side effect name
- dopamine blocker
- drug induced parkinsonism
Risk factors for Bells palsy
- HSV
- VZV
- DM
- acute coryza
- pregnancy
untreated HIV +ve person with tuberculosis - not sticking with treatment
tuberculoma
neurofibromatosis type 2 - inheritance pattern
- most common tumours
- autosommal dominant
- acoustic neuromas
riluzole - what is it
- when is it use
- why is used
- glutamate antagonist
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- prolong time to ventilation and tracheostomy by 3 months
urgent MRI scans red flags back pain
- <20 >55
- patients with increasing pain
- patients with loss of sensation in more than one dermatome or weakness in more than one myotome
most common inherited neurological disorder
charcot marie tooth syndrome(clumsy, often falls, pes cavus , inverted champagne bottle calves)
management options of myasthenia gravis
medical: pyridostigmine(prolongs the action of acetylcholine at the NMJ), azathioprine, corticosteroids and plasma exchange
Surgical: thymectomy
emg shows fibrillation/fasciculation- what to suspect
motor neuron disease
Neurofibromatosis type 1 features
- dermal neuro fibromas-cafe au lait spots
- lisch nodules(iris)
- malignant brain tumours-(often astrocytomas of the optic nerve)
- mild learning disability
