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MSRA > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

which vaccines cannot be given together but have to be given 4 weeks apart

A

yellow fever and MMR

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2
Q

transient synovitis symptoms

A
  • occurs following a viral infection
  • sudden onset- pain on weightbearing- no pain at rest
  • restricted ROM, especially internal rotation.
  • no/mild fever
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3
Q

long term transient synovitis(>6 weeks)- what to suspect?

A

perthes disease- avascular necrosis of the epiphysis of the femoral head.

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4
Q

diagnostic test for perthes disease

A

bilateral hip x-ray

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5
Q

Treatment of perthe’s disease

A

1) early-bed rest and traction

2) late-long term calliper bracing /surgery

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6
Q

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis key signs
-question trigger- skin condition
-bloods-what is raised
treatment

A
  • salmon pink -maculopapular rash
  • raised ESR
  • normocytic normochromic anaemia
  • treatment - NSAIDs
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7
Q

age of diagnosis for the following MSK:

1) DDhip
2) perthes
3) SUFE

A

1) 0-5
2) 5-10
3) 10-15

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8
Q

sporty boys with knee pain

A

osgood-schlatter disease

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9
Q

complications of IUGR( and SGA) post-partum(4)- endox2, renal x1, bowel x1

A

1) hypoglycaemia(decreased glycogen stores)
2) Hypocalcaemia(not hypercalcaemia)- delayed development of the VIt D pathways
3) polycythaemia(chronic intrauterine hypoxia)
4) Necrotizing enterocolitis(chronic fetal bowel hypoxia)

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10
Q

RF for IUGR(3)

A

1) maternal substance abuse(eg: smoking)
2) congenital infection(eg: rubella)
3) maternal age over 40

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11
Q

Criteria for the diagnosis of ADHD

A

1) symptoms present for 6 months
2) impairment in two functional domains(Eg: home and school)
3) inattention(eg fidgeting, excessive running and climbing) and impulsivity(e: interrupting, difficulty waiting for turn)

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12
Q

type of inheritance neurofibromatosis(NF) type 1

A

Autosommal dominant

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13
Q

key finding on question for NF type 1

A
  • cafe au lait spots- light brown skin patches
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14
Q

key ophthalmology finding with regards to NF1

A

Optic glioma(low grade brain tumour associated with astrocytes)

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15
Q

Symptoms of optic glioma

A

clumsiness, reduced vision, squints, flickering eyes, eye protrusion

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16
Q

the inheritance pattern of cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive

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17
Q

complications of cystic fibrosis(4)

1) lung
2) reproduction
3) GI- which organs
4) nose

A

1) recurrent bacterial infections/lung due to increased secretions
2) infertility in men(absence of vas deferens)
3) liver cirrhosis and pancreas damage(due to secretions
4) nasal polyps

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18
Q

does CKD affect cystic fibrosis

A

no

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19
Q

Initial treatment for acute epiglottitis

A

Nebulised adrenaline and oxygen
Followed by IV cefotaxime

Senior involvement- anaesthetic, paeds involvement

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20
Q

Why do you start oral erythromycin on 8 year olds with headaches onset and patchy interstitial shadowing on cxr

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( common in school going children)

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21
Q

Investigation for absence seizure

A

Trigger by hyperventilation for 3-4 mins while counting out loud

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22
Q

1st line for absence seizures

A

Sodium valproate

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23
Q

Indications for tonsillectomy

A

1) airway obstruction with persistent noisy breathing( proven sleep apnoea)
2) lymphoma suspicion
3) recurrent attacks of tonsillitis
4) 2 or more attacks of peritonsillar abscess

24
Q

Di George syndrome ( CATCH-22)

A

1) cardiac defects
2) abnormal facies
3) thymic hypoplasia
4) cleft palate
5) hypocalcemia
Deletions for chromosome 22

25
Q

Fragile X syndrome

A

Large jaw, enlarged testicles and large prominent ears

26
Q

Downs syndrome features

1) ears
2) face
3) nasal bridge
4) folds

A

Small ears , rounded face, flat nasal bridge and epicanthic folds

27
Q

Williams syndrome

A
  • elastin loss: full lips, wide mouth, long medial cleft, flat nasal mouth, full cheeks
  • Aortic/pulmonary stenosis
  • socially disinhibited/overly friendly
28
Q

copy a cross (age)

A

4

29
Q

copy a circle

A

3

30
Q

copy a square

A

4 1/2

31
Q

copy a triangle

A

5

32
Q

interactive play

A

3

33
Q

symbolic(when a child uses objects to stand in for other objects.) eg: using a banana for a phone- what age do they do it

A

18-24 months

34
Q

why does thyroglossal cyst protrude on protrusion of tongue

A

thyroglossal duct connects back of the tongue to the isthmus of the thyroid gland

35
Q

croup - barking cough, stridor, midcostal recession - treatment

A

oral dexamethasone

36
Q

stridor in 1st year of life, increases with supine position, crying and activity

A

laryngotracheomalacia

37
Q

acute epiglottitis- severe stridor, drooling key organism

A

Haemophilus influenza

38
Q

febrile seizures- common associations(3)

A
  • viral infection
  • tonsilitis
  • otitis media
39
Q

febrile seizures- when complex(2)

A
  • 15min
  • Repeated within 24 hours
  • focal at onset or during the convulsion
40
Q

febrile seizures- risk of epilepsy

A

2%

41
Q

febrile seizures-higher risk of recurrence

A

low fever

42
Q

Congenital cmv infection trademark findings(2 findings 1 CT finding)

A

1) sensorineural hearing loss
2) poor head growth
3) intracranial calcification on ct

43
Q

X- linked ( father- son) - progressive renal disease and progressive hearing loss

A

Alport’s syndrome

44
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss + hypothyroidism

A

Pendred syndrome

45
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome key risk factor who gets it

A

Pre term- not enough surfactant produced by type 2 pneumocytes

46
Q

Key prevention of paediatric respiratory distress syndrome

A

Antenatal corticosteroid

47
Q

reason not to use aspirin in children

A

reyes syndrome- rapidly progressing brain disease- symptoms- vomiting, drowziness, personality changes, can present with hypoglycaemia and recent use of aspirin.

48
Q

Ultrasound ordering plan with utis in babies

A

atypical infection (pseudomonas)- ultrasound with the acute infection
typical uti which responds to abx- within 6 months.
recurrent UTIs in under 6 months- ultrasound during acute infection.

49
Q

APGAR score

A

A- activity-0=no limb movement 1=some flexion of arms and legs 2=active motion
P-pulse- 0 = no heart rate 1= slow HR<100 2= fast HR>100bpm
G-grimace-0=no response 1=grimace, 2=cry
A-appearance- 0=blue, 1=body pink, extremeties blue 2= completeley pink
R-respiratory effort 0=absent, 1= weak cry,hypoventilation,2= good strong cry

50
Q

how long should you assess which pulse in neonatal life support

A

brachial pulse for 10 secs

51
Q

causes of motor developmental delay

A

1) learning difficulties
2) abnormalities of muscle(cerebral palsy/duchenne)
3) environmental factors- overuse of a cot

52
Q

cradle cap management(seborrhoeic dermatitis)

A

first line- baby shampoo + oils

severe- mild topical steroids eg: 1 % hydrocortisone

53
Q

Most common cyanotic condition

A

Tetralogy of fallot

54
Q

Most common cyanotic condition at birth

A

Tetralogy of fallot

55
Q

Most common acyanotic congenital disease

A

Ventricular septal defect

MSRA (14 decks)

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