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MSRA > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

Iron deficiency anaemia (IX findings)

A

low hb, low MCV, low serum iron, low ferritin( can be high in inflammation, so not reliable), high TIBC(amount of unbound transferrin blood), wider red blood cell distribution width(as different RBC getting chucked out from bone marrow as it goes into overdrive), peripheral blood smear shows microcytic and hypochromic RBC, low transferrin saturation

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2
Q

what breaks down meat into b12

A

pepsin

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3
Q

where is intrinsic factor made

A

parietal cells in stomach

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4
Q

where is B12/intrinsic factor complex absorbed

A

Terminal ileum

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5
Q

excessive WCC, philadelphia chromosome- which leukaemia

A

Chronic Myeloid leukaemia

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6
Q

x-linked(brothers) factor VIII or Factor Ix deficiency, bleeds into joint and muscles

A
  • haemophilia(a- factor VIII)(b-Factor-ix)

- avoid IM injections and NSAID

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7
Q

key two investigations for haemophilia(2)

A

1) Raised APTT

2) low factor VIII or IX assay

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8
Q

INR 5.0-8.0- no bleeding - what to do about warfarin

A

stop warfarin for 1-2 days, reduce subsequent warfarin dose

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9
Q

INR 5.0-8.0- with minor bleeding

A

IV vitamin K 1-3mg, Stop warfarin treatment and restart when INR <5

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10
Q

Major bleeding- patients on warfarin

A

IV Vitamin K 5mg, stop warfarin treatment.+ give dried prothrombin complex/ Fresh frozen plasma

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11
Q

Target Cells - which conditions(4)

A

1) Iron deficiency anaemia
2) Post splenectomy
3) Liver disease
4) Thalassaemia

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12
Q

Key bone marrow cells for AML

A

Auer Rods

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13
Q

Heinz bodies(3 causes)

A
  • denatured haemoglobins due to spleen being removed.
  • G6PD deficiency
  • sulfonamides
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14
Q

uraemia cells

A

Burr

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15
Q

why is warfarin not used in pregnancy

A

it is teratogenic

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16
Q

Antiphospholipid syndrome anticoag when pregnant

A

Aspirin(increased platelet activation opposed by aspirin) and LMWH

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17
Q

slowly enlarged lymph nodes, lymphocytosis, treated with chlorambucil and fludarabine, which condition

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

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18
Q

Smear Cells(ruptured cell membranes-lymphocytes), which leukaemia

A

Chronic lymhocytic leukaemia

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19
Q

Type of cell for myelofibrosis,myelodysplastic syndrome,

A

teardrop red cells

20
Q

G6pd inheritance type

A

X- linked - predominantly affect African males

21
Q

Polycythemia rubra vera symptoms( hyperviscosity, bath, feet and hands)

A
  • Headaches, dizzyness, tinnitus and visual disturbances
  • itching after a hot bath
  • burning sensation in fingers and toes(erythromelalgia)
22
Q

photosensitive rashes, arthralgia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia- which condition

A

SLE

23
Q

pernicious anaemia

A

low B12

24
Q

reduction in Hb, WCC(leukopenia), thrombocytopenia

A

Aplastic anaemia

25
Q

2 key risks for patients with aplastic anaemia

A

Bleeding and infection

26
Q

key side effect of chloramphenicol

A

Aplastic anaemia(suppression)

27
Q

Amyloidosis investigations

A

biopsy, positive congo red stain and red green birefringence under polarised light microscopy

28
Q

DVT in cancer patient treatment

A

LMWH for 6 months and then risk assess

29
Q

Provoked DVT(COCP)

A

LMWH for 5 days + Vit K antagonist for 3 months/ doac for 3 months

30
Q

which leukaemia caused by chemotherapy

A

Acute Myeloid leukaemia

31
Q

Complication tumours of chemotherapy

A

Breast, Lung, Thyroid, Bone , colon

32
Q

key immunosuppresant that causes gingival hypertrophy

A

ciclosporin

33
Q

Haemolyric transfusion reaction symptoms(3)

A

fever, hypotension and red-coloured urine.

34
Q

key difference symptom between TRALI and TACO

A

TRALI has fever

35
Q

First line treatment for hodgkins disease

A

Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

36
Q

Thrombocythaemia(>1000 Platelets) what drug to start

A

Aspirin 75mg OD(minimises risk of thrombosis and stroke)

37
Q

Causes of hyperviscosity syndrome(4)

A

Polycythemia rubra vera, leukaemia, myeloma, waldenstroms macroglobulinemia

38
Q

Definition of hyperviscosity syndrome

A

Viscosity of the blood raises enough to impair microcirculation

39
Q

Symptoms of hyperviscosity syndrome

A

Lethargy, confusion, bleeding from the GI and GU tract, visual disturbances

40
Q

Key pathology of ALL chemotherapy - cytomegalovirus and herpes zoster oesophageal finding

A

Oesophageal ulceration

41
Q

Which opioid is contraindicated in sickle cell crises

A

Pethidine

42
Q

CHOP regime for non hodgkins

A

Cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, vincristine(oncovin), prednisolone

43
Q

Facial features of beta thalassemia major

A

Prominent forehead(frontal bossing), full cheek bones( prominent Malar eminence), depressed bridge of the nose, and overgrowth( hypertrophy) of the upper jaw( maxillae)

44
Q

Beta thalassemia major ( Cooley’s anaemia) features

A
  • recurrent bacterial infections
  • anaemia
  • decreased mcv and raised reticulocytes
  • enlarged spleen and liver
45
Q

Sideroblastic anaemia key cause- you ask if they worked in a particular industry

A

Lead poisoning( paint industry)

  • diagnosed with bone marrow biopsy( ring sideroblasts )
46
Q

Key curative treatment for patients with CML

A

Bone marrow transplantation from HLA

47
Q

aplastic crises - low hb and which infection?

A

parvovirus

MSRA (14 decks)

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