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BIO106 - Evolutionary Biology > Pre-Darwinian Theories (palomar.edu) > Flashcards

Pre-Darwinian Theories (palomar.edu) Flashcards

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1
Q
  • strongly reinforced the traditional Judeo-Christian version of creationism
  • counting the generations of the Bible and adding them to modern history
A

James Ussher

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2
Q

What date did James Ussher fix the creation

A

October 23, 4004 B.C

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3
Q
  • held that God created an infinite and continuous series of life forms, each one grading into the next, from simplest to most complex, and that all organisms, including humans, were created in their present form relatively reently and thaty they have remained unchanged since then
  • hierarchical structure of all matter and life, thought by medieval Christianity to have been decreed by God
A

Great Chain of Being

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4
Q

Great Chain of Being sequence

A
  • God
  • Angels
  • Humans
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Minerals
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5
Q
  • apparently believed that he was just revealing the unchaning order of life created by God
  • his 180 books are filled with precise descriptions of nature, but he did little analysis or interpetation
A

Carolus Linnaeus

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6
Q

Most important contribution of Carolus Linnaeus to scince

A

logical classification system in his book, Systema Naturae

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7
Q

who actually developed the concept of genus and species in the late 1600s

A

John Ray

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8
Q

Linnaeus used the system of John Ray to name humans to __ __

A

Homo sapiens

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9
Q

Homo sapiens meaning

A

wise men

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10
Q

Order of humans

A

Primates

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11
Q

“living things do change through time”

A

George Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

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12
Q

what is George Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon speculation as to how living things change through time

A

result of influences from environment or even chance

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13
Q

how old did Comte de Buffon believe the earth was

A

at least 75,000 years old

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14
Q

book of Buffon

A

Histoire Naturelle

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15
Q
  • believed that evolution has occurred in living things, including humans, but only had fuzzy ideas about what might be responsible for this change
  • grandfather of Charles Darwin
A

Erasmus Darwin

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16
Q

scientific publication of Erasmus Darwin

A

Zoonomia or Laws of Organic Life

17
Q

what did Erasmus Darwin suggest about the earth and life on it

A

evolving for millions of ages before the commencement of the history of mankind

18
Q
  • believed that evolution occurs when an organisms uses a body part in such a way that it is altered during its lifetime and this change is then inhertied by its offspring
  • believed that evolution was mostly due to the inheritance of acquired characteristics as creatures adapted to their environment
  • first evolutionist who confidently and very publicly stated his ideas about the processes leading to biological change
A

Jean-Baptiste Chevalier de Lamarck

19
Q
  • first scientist to document extinctions of ancient animals
  • rejected the idea that their existence implied that evolution had occured – he dogmatically maintained the “fixity” of species
  • discredit Lamarck’s theory
A

George Cuvier

20
Q

what did George Cuvier advocate

A

theory of catastrophism

21
Q

Earth’s history was dominated by catastrophic events that shaped the structure and types of life on Earth

A

Theory of catastrophism

22
Q
  • conclude that Cuvier’s catastrophism theory was wrong
  • believed that there primarily have been slower, progressive changes
  • documented the fact that the earth must be very old and that it has been subject to the same sort of natural processes in the past that operate today in shaping the land
A

Charles Lyell

23
Q

book of Charles Lyell stating that natural processes in the past still operate today in shaping the land

A

Principles of Geology

24
Q

forces that shape the land according to Charles Lyell

A
  • erosion
  • earthquakes
  • glacial movements
  • volcanoes
  • decomposition of plants and animals
25
Q

Lyell provided conclusive evidence for what theory

A

theory of uniformitarianism

26
Q

who originally developed the theory of uniformitarianism

A

James Hutton

27
Q
  • natural forces now changing the shape of the earth’s surface have been operating in the past much the same way
  • present is the key to understanding the past
A

theory of uniformitarianism

28
Q
  • strongly disagreed aout how the earth got to be the way it is today
  • both rejected the idea of biological evolution
A
  • George Cuvier
  • Charles Lyell

BIO106 - Evolutionary Biology (20 decks)

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