Pre CH 3 Flashcards
Mutations produce new alleles. How might a new mutation affect an organism? (select all that apply)
a mutation may be neutral to an organism
a mutation may be beneficial to an organism
a mutation may be harmful to an organism
Which of the following is the best definition of evolution?
changes in populations over time
The wings of a bat and the wings of an insect have a similar function – to allow the organism to fly. However, they evolved independently in these groups, which are not closely related. The wings in this case are an example of ____________
analogous structures
All organisms on Earth are related; they are descended from a common ancestor.
True
Females of a certain species of woodpecker tend to lay 7-8 eggs per clutch. It is rare to find a clutch of eggs with fewer than 7 or more than 8 eggs. This is an example of ___________________ selection.
stabilizing
When an extreme phenotype is advantageous for organisms that have it, so that they leaves more offspring in the next generation, this is called ____________________ selection.
directional
When an intermediate phenotype has a selective advantage, and extreme phenotypes are selected against, this is _______________________ selection.
stabilizing
The field of _________________________ involves studying the similarities and differences in structure between organisms.
comparative anatomy
Which of the following is NOT an essential component of Darwin’s theory of natural selection?
use or disuse of a structure can cause changes that are passed on to the next generation
What is a mutation?
-a permanent change in the sequence of DNA
-differential survival of organisms with different traits
-migration of individuals from one place to another
- a change in population numbers due to random chance
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In a natural population of bacteria, most are sensitive to antibiotics. A few are antibiotic resistant. A new type of antibiotic is introduced into the environment. After a few generations, most of the population of bacteria is antibiotic resistant. This is an example of disruptive/diversifying selection. There are more antibiotic resistant bacteria in the population because antibiotic resistant bacteria survived better and therefore left more offspring .
?
When an environment favors two extreme phenotypes, but selects against common traits, this is ________________________ selection.
disruptive/diversifying
Which of the following is an example of natural selection resulting in an adaptation?
over thousands of years, Emperor penguins became larger because larger penguins had a greater rate of survival
Many independent lines of evidence support the conclusion that all organisms are related.
True
You study a group of flowering plants and find that they are either shorter than 20 cm in height, or taller than 45 cm in height. This would be an example of ___________________ selection.
disruptive/diversifying
