Chapter 11 Pre Flashcards
An enzyme that removes a phosphate group from a molecule such as a protein is called a(n) _____________________.
phosphatase
In cell signaling, the signaling molecule is referred to as the _______ and the molecule that it binds to in/on a target cell is referred to as the __________
ligand
receptor
Signal transduction takes place in the ___________________.
cytoplasm
Which of the following hormones are short chains of linked amino acids?
peptide hormones
Testosterone and progesterone are examples of ________________ hormones.
steroid
__________________ signals act locally by diffusing through the extracellular matrix from the signaling cell to the target cell.
Paracrine
What type of signaling occurs when the signal is transmitted through direct contact between the signaling cell and the target cell?
juxtacrine
Neuronal signaling is a specialized type of ____________________ signaling.
paracrine
Which of the following would be more likely to bind a steroid hormone?
intracellular receptor
Which of the following receptor would have a transmembrane domain?
cell-surface receptor
Which of the following would be more likely to bind a large, hydrophilic ligand?
cell-surface receptor
Which of the following is an example of a second messenger?
cAMP
One of the most common modifications that occurs in signaling pathways is ____________________.
addition of a phosphate group
The EGF receptor binds its ligand and results in activation of a plasma membrane enzyme that synthesisizes __________ from ATP.
cAMP
When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, which is most likely to happen?
the receptor will change shape, eliciting a response inside the cell
A _____________________ is a small molecule that propagates a signal after the signaling molecule has been bound by its receptor.
second messenger
Propagation of a signal through the cytoplasm and possibly nucleus of the cell is known as ____________________.
signal transduction
Ions, such as Ca2+, can be signaling molecules.
T
If the signal travels a long distance from the signaling cell through the bloodstream to the target cell, what type of signaling is this?
Endocrine
Which of the following would be more likely to bind a small, hydrophobic signaling molecule?
intracellular receptor
Responses to various signaling pathways could include ________________. (select all that apply)
cell growth
apoptosis
increase in metabolism
gene expression
External signals can initiate apoptosis.
True
An enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a molecule such as a protein is called a(n) __________________.
Kinase
If the signaling cell and the target cell are the same cell, what type of signaling is taking place?
autocrine
Cell signaling can be divided into five steps
1
2
3
4
5
Signaling molecule is produced
A ligand binds to a receptor
Signal transduction occurs
The cell responds to the signal
Signal is terminated
