Chapter 11 Pre

Question 1

An enzyme that removes a phosphate group from a molecule such as a protein is called a(n) _____________________.

Answer 1

phosphatase

Question 2

In cell signaling, the signaling molecule is referred to as the _______ and the molecule that it binds to in/on a target cell is referred to as the __________

Answer 2

ligand
receptor

Question 3

Signal transduction takes place in the ___________________.

Answer 3

cytoplasm

Question 4

Which of the following hormones are short chains of linked amino acids?

Answer 4

peptide hormones

Question 5

Testosterone and progesterone are examples of ________________ hormones.

Answer 5

steroid

Question 6

__________________ signals act locally by diffusing through the extracellular matrix from the signaling cell to the target cell.

Answer 6

Paracrine

Question 7

What type of signaling occurs when the signal is transmitted through direct contact between the signaling cell and the target cell?

Answer 7

juxtacrine

Question 8

Neuronal signaling is a specialized type of ____________________ signaling.

Answer 8

paracrine

Question 9

Which of the following would be more likely to bind a steroid hormone?

Answer 9

intracellular receptor

Question 10

Which of the following receptor would have a transmembrane domain?

Answer 10

cell-surface receptor

Question 11

Which of the following would be more likely to bind a large, hydrophilic ligand?

Answer 11

cell-surface receptor

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a second messenger?

Answer 12

cAMP

Question 13

One of the most common modifications that occurs in signaling pathways is ____________________.

Answer 13

addition of a phosphate group

Question 14

The EGF receptor binds its ligand and results in activation of a plasma membrane enzyme that synthesisizes __________ from ATP.

Answer 14

cAMP

Question 15

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, which is most likely to happen?

Answer 15

the receptor will change shape, eliciting a response inside the cell

Question 16

A _____________________ is a small molecule that propagates a signal after the signaling molecule has been bound by its receptor.

Answer 16

second messenger

Question 17

Propagation of a signal through the cytoplasm and possibly nucleus of the cell is known as ____________________.

Answer 17

signal transduction

Question 18

Ions, such as Ca2+, can be signaling molecules.

Answer 18

T

Question 19

If the signal travels a long distance from the signaling cell through the bloodstream to the target cell, what type of signaling is this?

Answer 19

Endocrine

Question 20

Which of the following would be more likely to bind a small, hydrophobic signaling molecule?

Answer 20

intracellular receptor

Question 21

Responses to various signaling pathways could include ________________. (select all that apply)

Answer 21

cell growth
apoptosis
increase in metabolism
gene expression

Question 22

External signals can initiate apoptosis.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

An enzyme that adds a phosphate group to a molecule such as a protein is called a(n) __________________.

Answer 23

Kinase

Question 24

If the signaling cell and the target cell are the same cell, what type of signaling is taking place?

Answer 24

autocrine

Question 25

Cell signaling can be divided into five steps
1
2
3
4
5

Answer 25

Signaling molecule is produced
A ligand binds to a receptor
Signal transduction occurs
The cell responds to the signal
Signal is terminated