Latest... Chapter 17 Flashcards
addition of a phosphate group
phosphorylation
spread of cancer cells from their original site to a new location
metastasis
a protein that binds to DNA and regulates gene expression by either promoting or suppressing transcription
transcription factor
mutated version of a normal gene involved in the positive regulation of the cell cycle, that has the potential to cause cancer
oncogene
mechanism that monitors the preparedness of a eukaryotic cell to advance through the various cell-cycle stages
cell cycle checkpoint
protein that is a negative regulator of the cell cycle; prevents the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division
tumor suppressor protein
formation of new blood vessels
angiogenesis
cell-cycle regulatory protein that regulates cell growth and monitors DNA damage; it halts the progression of the cell cycle in cases of DNA damage and may induce apoptosis
p53
programmed cell death
apoptosis
gene that codes for a positive regulator of the cell cycle; when mutated becomes an oncogene
proto-oncogene
regulatory molecule that exhibits negative effects on the cell cycle by interacting with a transcription factor (E2F)
retinoblastoma protein (Rb)
gene that codes for a protein that is a negative regulator of the cell cycle; when it functions normally, it prevents the cell from undergoing uncontrolled division
tumor suppressor gene
one of a group of kinases that helps to regulate the cell cycle when bound to cyclin; it functions to phosphorylate other proteins that are either activated or inactivated by phosphorylation
cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)
one of a group of proteins that act in conjunction with CDKs to help regulate the cell cycle by phosphorylating key proteins
cyclin
