Chapter 10 Post

Question 1

Molecules tend to move spontaneously _____________ their chemical gradient.

Answer 1

down

Question 2

Which of the following transport mechanisms is passive?

Answer 2

-movement of potassium through ion channels
- movement of water through aquaporins
-movement of sodium through ion channels

Question 3

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy?

Answer 3

primary active transport

secondary active transport

Question 4

The concentration of an anion inside a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of this anion outside the cell is 0.1%. How could the cell obtain more of this ion inside the cell?

Answer 4

active transport

Question 5

White blood cells are an important component of our immune system. One thing they do is consume and destroy bacteria by extending their plasma membrane around the bacterium and bringing it inside the cell in a vesicle. By what process do they engulf the bacterium?

Answer 5

phagocytosis

Question 6

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse through the plasma membrane through specialized pores called oxyporins.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

In the small intestine, glucose is moved against its concentration gradient into intestinal epithelial cells using sodium-glucose cotransporter proteins. The energy to move glucose against its gradient is supplied by the energy released by sodium ions diffusing down their gradient. This is an example of __________________________.

Answer 7

secondary active transport

Question 8

A protein that binds a molecule on one side of the plasma membrane, changes shape, and moves the molecule to the other side of the membrane is called a(n) _____________________.

Answer 8

carrier protein

Question 9

Plasma membranes allow some substances to enter and leave a cell, but prevent other substances from crossing the membrane; plasma membranes are therefore ________________________.

Answer 9

selectively permeable

Question 10

Which of the following processes involve movement down a concentration gradient (i.e., from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration)?

Answer 10

simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis

Question 11

What is another term for a dissolved substance?

Answer 11

solute

Question 12

Which of the following processes involve movement up a concentration gradient (i.e., from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration)?

Answer 12

active transport

Question 13

Which of the following describes a solution that has a lower solute concentration than a cell’s cytoplasm?

Answer 13

hypotonic solution

Question 14

A ______ covalent bond is one in which atoms share electrons equally; a ________ covalent bond is one in which atoms share electrons unequally.

Answer 14

nonpolar
polar

Question 15

Proteins are long chains of amino acids. They are folded, and are held together in a three-dimensional shape by chemical bonds between side chains of the amino acids. Which of the following type of bonds that help maintain protein shape will be most affected by a change in pH?

Answer 15

ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds

Question 16

Which of the following processes require energy?

Answer 16

bulk transport
active transport

Question 17

Carrier proteins can be involved in which of the following processes?

Answer 17

facilitated diffusion
active transport

Question 18

The process of bringing substances into a cell by means of a vesicle is called __________________.

Answer 18

endocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following describes a solution that has a higher solute concentration than a cell’s cytoplasm?

Answer 19

hypertonic solution

Question 20

Atoms with a full outer electron shell will form chemical bonds with other atoms.

Answer 20

F