Practices of the Spanish Civil War

Question 1

Salvado HSQ

Answer 1

“Calvo Sotello’s death … persuaded dithering officers to participate in the planning of a coup”

Question 2

From Revolt to War

Answer 2

• Azana knew of the coup, but couldn’t do anything as he had no army
• Officers were supported by Falange, CEDA, and monarchists
• Revolt begins in Morocco (July 17), and spreads to mainland

Question 3

Beevor HSQ

Answer 3

the war “became enmeshed in the international civil war which started in earnest with the Bolshevik revolution”

Question 4

How did Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin contribute?

Answer 4

Hitler: Airlift from Africa, 12k troops and panzers, sent luftwafers and bombers
Musso: “volunteer corp” of 50k, 700 aircraft
Satlin: Can’t waste resources while preparing for war, 700 military advisors, tanks and aircraft.

Question 5

Who supported whom?

Answer 5

Republicans: Workers, lower class, south rural
Nationalists: Upper class, north and central rural
- Middle class divided

Question 6

Key campaigns and strategies

Answer 6

• Republic had control of major cities and industrial areas (Basque, Catalonia), gold reserves, airforce and navy.
• Republicans killed 4k priests and nuns
• Francos strategy was systematic, nationalists killed over 50k Republicans

Question 7

War during July 1936

Answer 7

• Hitler airlifted 24k troops, during this time uprisings in the north were underway
• Franco used policy of terror to move toward Madrid in Aug
• Success through Gen. Mola who took the north territory

Question 8

War during Oct 1936

Answer 8

• Republicans win in Barcellona and Madrid, and still have most of the coast
• Franco takes Badajoz killing over 2k people

Question 9

War by Oct 1937

Answer 9

• Nationalists are strengthened by the German Condor Legion
• Soviet aid and International Brigades (30k) kept Madrid from falling
• Italian forces are key in victories in Feb
• Republicans hold back Italians in Guadalajara

Question 10

War by May 1938

Answer 10

• Franco focused on North, Basque Nationalists fight Mola
• Bombing of Guernica kills 6k, June Bilbao falls, Oct Asturias captured (1937)
• Nationalists gain coast
  3 Republican offensives (1937):
• Brunete July
• Belchite Aug
• Teruel Dec

Question 11

War by May 1939

Answer 11

July 1938 was last Rep offensive, Ebro. By Oct 1938, Rep were down, Stalin end support after Munich. Catalonia and Barcellona fall in Jan 1939. GB and Fr recognize Franco in Feb 1939. Franco finally takes Madrid on Mar 27 after decline negotiations. War is over on April 1st

Question 12

The May Days

Answer 12

‘war within a war’ for 4 days in May 1937. Rep forces fought (com v. anar v. soc) Caballero replaced by Negrin, comm and soc win.

Question 13

Camus PSQ

Answer 13

“It was in Spain that [my generation] learned that one can be right and be beaten”

Question 14

Orwell PSQ

Answer 14

“Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written … against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism”