Effects of the SCW Flashcards
Women before the SCW
2nd Republic gave them the right to vote, held positions in the economy and military. Franco stressed women in the home, in the military was ‘unnatural’
Women on the Republican side
Crucial in production, military and politics. Milliciannas were Militia units of women. Mujeres Libres was an Anarchist women organization to empower the working class - 30k members
Propaganda on women in the SCW
Displayed as nurses and combatants as protectors. Media saw this as breaking gender norms. 2nd republic adopted “men to the front, women to the homefront”. By 1937 women removed from militias and placed in secondary roles (economy, fear over being captured, popular support for traditional roles)
Women on Nationalist side
“Feminist revolt” reversed. Women involved in politics or military were publicly and privately humiliated.
Preston PSQ on women
“the feminist revolution of the Second Republic was reversed with extreme savagery … women were punished for their brief escape from gender stereotypes”
Human cost
100k Republicans and 70k Nationalists killed. Over 100k killed after in “white terror”. Children taken for ‘reeducation”. Divisons remained - ‘two Spains’
Refugees - Dreyfus-Armand HSQ’s
“able-bodied men were escorted to … beaches … all that had been set up was a perimeter of barbed wire”
“Camps emptied out in the spring of 1939 … they could return to Spain… immigrate elsewhere … or enlist in the French military”
Economic effects
10-15% of wealth destroyed, income per capita 28% lower in 39 than 35.
- 1956 - economy began to modernize
- 1960 - economic growth, relaxation of censorship and religious tensions
- 1975 - Democratic gov’t under Juan Carlos the Bourbon, Nov 20 Franco dies.
Social Consequences
Teachers and trade unionists killed by the Nationalists (77k executed by the right, 55k by the left). No distinction in fight b/w civilian and combatants. Republicans confiscated land and redistributed
