Effects of WW1

Question 1

Immediate effects

Answer 1

• 10m dead, 21m injured, millions more die
• Spanish flu
• Total war cost is 260 000m pounds
• Ge surrenders on Wilsons 14 points, Allies win

Question 2

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 2

• TRAWL (territory, reperations, army, war guilt, LoN)
• Clause 231

Question 3

SaiNTS Treaties

Answer 3

Saint Germain - w/ Austria, 1919, Article 88, limited army to 30k
Neuilly - w/ Bulgaria, 1919, limited army to 20k, repartions
Trianon - w/ Hungary, 1920, army limited to 35K, lost 66% of land
Sevres - w/ Turkey, 1920, dismantled empire and enforced reperations.

Question 4

Political effects on foreign policy (1917 - 1920)

Answer 4

1917 - Russian Revolution
1918 - Armistice
1919 - ToV, SaiNTS
1920 - Kapp Putsch, LoN

Question 5

Political effects on foreign policy (1922 - 1926)

Answer 5

1922 - Mussolini becomes PM
1923 - Jan - France occupies Rhur
1924 - Dawes Plan
1925 - Locarno Pact
1926 - Ge joins LoN

Question 6

Political effects on foreign policy (1928- 1933)

Answer 6

1928 - Kellog Briand Pact (65 nations), plans to abolish war
1929 - Young plan, Great Depression
1932 - Lausanne agreement, USA, GB, Fr suspend reparations
1933 - Hitler is chancellor

Question 7

Successes and Failures

Answer 7

• Nine nations set up (Po, Fin, Aus, Hun, Ge, Yu, Lat, Est, Lit)
• Alsace-Lorraine given to france
• Minorities are expected to get fair treatment
• Elections in 3 places in Ge
• Germans are in the Sudeten land
• Anschluss is forbidden
• Minorities existed
• Empires fell and grew
• Specific violations - Italy

Question 8

What was the purpose and the 4 powers of the LoN?

Answer 8

Purpose: stop war, improve lives and jobs, disarmament, enforce ToV
Powers: 1. Covenant 2. condemnation 3. arbitration 4. sanctions

Question 9

Political effects of WW1 on different countries

Answer 9

Germany: 1918 revolutions, Bavaria becomes an independent republic, Spartacist uprising 1919, Weimar republic
Russia: 1917 revolutions, B-L, Civil war 1918-21
A-H: Czech, slav, hun and aus independence, abdication of Karl 1
Turkey: Arab revolt, collapse of sultanate.

Question 10

TRAWL

Answer 10

Territory: ge lost colonies, Alsace-Loraine, Saar to Fr, Malmedy to Bel, Danzig is free
Reparations: 6,600 million pounds
Army: Limited to 100k, no subs, demilitarized Rhineland
War Guilt: Cause 231 blamed “for causing the loss and damage”
LoN: is established

Question 11

What territory did Germany lose?

Answer 11

• Altace and Lorraine and Saar (15yrs) to France
• Malmedy given to Belgium
• North Schleswig given to Denmark
• West Prussi, Polish Corridor and Upper Silesia given to poland
• Danzig is free
• Memel is given to Lithuania
• Colonies are mandates of the LoN and controlled by other countries.

Question 12

Total German loses in percents

Answer 12

12% of population. 16% of coal fields. Half of steel and iron industry. 10% of all land and colonies

Question 13

Specific problems with the Treaty Processes

Answer 13

1. Pressure to agree to terms by Europe’s instability
2. Conflicting aims of Big 4
3. Nature of German armistice and mood of people
4. Popular sentiment in allied nations

Question 14

General problems with the Treaty Processes

Answer 14

1. Implementing self determination
2. Creating stable countries
3. Handling bitterness and resentment ( Italy called it the “mutilated peace”)

Question 15

Keynes quote on the economic impacts of peace making

Answer 15

‘Shifting by the victor’s of their unbearable financial burdens onto the shoulders of the defeated’

Question 16

What does A. Letting say about ToV

Answer 16

” The Treaty of Versaille did not pacify Germany … but left her scourged humiliated and resentful”

Question 17

What did Carr say on the ToV

Answer 17

“The Versailles settlement would last only as long as the victorious powers were … to enforce it on a bitterly resentful people”