Mao Rise to Power Flashcards
Political Conditions in Early 20th Century China
- “100 years of humiliation” by foreign powers (Opium 39-42,56-60, Sino 94)
- Heavy taxation, inflation and corrupt government officials
- 1911, double tenth, 1912 GMD forms, 1921 CCP forms
- 1925 Jiang leads GMD, with CCp overthrows landlords in 1926
- GMD takes takes Beijing, est Nanjing as capital brought stable currency an some industrial growth
Mao as the CCP Leader
“All power grows out of the barrel of a gun”
- Originally one of 12 delegates in the first CCP National Congress
- Infiltrates GMD, elected into the central committee of both in 1924
- 1927, Mao forms the Red Army (12k)
- 1930, Mao purges 2k for staging Futian revolt
- 1931, Jiangxi Soviet est. population of 1m
Yan’an Soviet
- Formed by surviving members of the long march
- Programs for peasant literacy, schools, hospitals and factories
- Peasants participated in ‘revolutionary committees’.
- 1942, ‘rectification camaigns’ forced people to confess to crimes against Mao
- ‘Self-criticism’ sessions to air doubts and secrets
- No outside contact
CCP aims and ideology under Mao
-1937, 2nd United Front allows Mao to expand army and develop guerrilla tactics
- GMD accused of dependence on foreign nations, CCP advertises as the true Chinese patriots
- CCP regroups with Jp weapons
- USA treaties fail, war breaks out again in 1945
Strengths and weaknesses of the GMD 1945-49
Troops: Initially 2.8m, conscription implies low morale
Territory: Control most towns, rails and waterways, control depends on the behaviour of landlords
Foreign Aid: Recognized as legitimate, USA gave $3B but they’re critical of Jiang
Strengths and weaknesses of the CCP 1945-49
Troop: 800k initially, almost equal to GMD by end, good morale
Territory: 19 bases initially, took whole north by 1949, south and west late 49
Foreign Aid: Soviet trains troops, Stalin orders cities to be given to GMD
