Practice questions 7

Question 1

What is the molecular basis of Fragile X

Answer 1

trinucleotide repeat in an intronic region

Question 2

what is the molecular basis of huntingtons

Answer 2

trinucleotide repeat in an exonic region

Question 3

what ligament is most commonly damanged in a whiplash injury

Answer 3

anterior longitudinal

Question 4

what class of drugs are tricyclic antidepressants related to

Answer 4

phenothiazines

Question 5

what is the nerve supply to the epiglottis

Answer 5

superior laryngeal

Question 6

during development what prominence gives rise to the lower eyelids

Answer 6

maxillary prominence

Question 7

what taste modality relies on a G protein linked pathway and adenylate cyclase to promote release of neurotransmitter

Answer 7

sweet

Question 8

where is the amygdala

Answer 8

anterior tip of the hippocampus

provides emotional components to experience and memory

Question 9

what are the symptoms of Kluver Bucy

Answer 9

hypersexuality
hyperorality 
flattened emotions
loss of fear and conditioning 
visual agnosia 

patients can understand vocalized emotions

Question 10

what part of the brain is involved in procedural memory (skills)

Answer 10

cerebellum

Question 11

which phase of stroke is tissue destruction and liquefactive necrosis associated with

Answer 11

subacute

Question 12

what is the blood supply to the internal capsule

Answer 12

striate (perforating arteries)

supplies deep structures in the cerebrum
strokes in these vessels are common due to being a branch of the MCA

Question 13

what artery does the MCA branch from

Answer 13

internal carotid

Question 14

describe the course of the MCA

Answer 14

passes laterally just underneath the frontal lobe, and ends up the lateral sulcus

Question 15

where is blood from a subarachnoid haemorrhage most likely to be seen on a CT

Answer 15

suprasellar cistern

Question 16

name the brain cisterns

Answer 16

supracellar
pontine
cisterna magna

Question 17

where is the cisterna magna

Answer 17

just bellow the cerebellum

Question 18

where are shunts most commonly inserted for hydrocephalus

Answer 18

fourth ventricle

Question 19

if a patient is asked to look inwards and upwards what muscle is being tested

Answer 19

inferior oblique

Question 20

what nerve passes through the tendinous ring

Answer 20

oculomotor (not trochlear)

Question 21

what is the term used to describe speech patterns that are robotic or monotonic

Answer 21

aprosodias

Question 22

what pathological finding is more likely to be found in preproliferative diabetic retinopathy compared to background retinopathy

Answer 22

cotton wool spots

Question 23

what does the saccule monitor

Answer 23

increase in velocity in the vertical plane

Question 24

what are the effects of benzodiazepines

Answer 24

sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxants

Question 25

what receptors do benzodiazepines work on

Answer 25

GABAa receptors

Question 26

what can cause a lesion in the optic chiasm

Answer 26

pituritary gland growth

Question 27

what is the effect of an optic tract lesion

Answer 27

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Question 28

what is the optic radiation

Answer 28

geniculostriate pathway
neurons from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual (striate) cortex along the calcarine fissure

Question 29

if the left pupillary light reflex does not work but the right consensual reflex does, what is the lesion

Answer 29

occulomotor

Question 30

what are the side effects of opiods

Answer 30

respiratory depression
reduced GI motility
bradycardia
pupil constriction (may be useful in diagnosis of opoid overdose)