Practice questions 7 Flashcards
What is the molecular basis of Fragile X
trinucleotide repeat in an intronic region
what is the molecular basis of huntingtons
trinucleotide repeat in an exonic region
what ligament is most commonly damanged in a whiplash injury
anterior longitudinal
what class of drugs are tricyclic antidepressants related to
phenothiazines
what is the nerve supply to the epiglottis
superior laryngeal
during development what prominence gives rise to the lower eyelids
maxillary prominence
what taste modality relies on a G protein linked pathway and adenylate cyclase to promote release of neurotransmitter
sweet
where is the amygdala
anterior tip of the hippocampus
provides emotional components to experience and memory
what are the symptoms of Kluver Bucy
hypersexuality hyperorality flattened emotions loss of fear and conditioning visual agnosia
patients can understand vocalized emotions
what part of the brain is involved in procedural memory (skills)
cerebellum
which phase of stroke is tissue destruction and liquefactive necrosis associated with
subacute
what is the blood supply to the internal capsule
striate (perforating arteries)
supplies deep structures in the cerebrum
strokes in these vessels are common due to being a branch of the MCA
what artery does the MCA branch from
internal carotid
describe the course of the MCA
passes laterally just underneath the frontal lobe, and ends up the lateral sulcus
where is blood from a subarachnoid haemorrhage most likely to be seen on a CT
suprasellar cistern
name the brain cisterns
supracellar
pontine
cisterna magna
where is the cisterna magna
just bellow the cerebellum
where are shunts most commonly inserted for hydrocephalus
fourth ventricle
if a patient is asked to look inwards and upwards what muscle is being tested
inferior oblique
what nerve passes through the tendinous ring
oculomotor (not trochlear)
what is the term used to describe speech patterns that are robotic or monotonic
aprosodias
what pathological finding is more likely to be found in preproliferative diabetic retinopathy compared to background retinopathy
cotton wool spots
what does the saccule monitor
increase in velocity in the vertical plane
what are the effects of benzodiazepines
sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxants
what receptors do benzodiazepines work on
GABAa receptors
what can cause a lesion in the optic chiasm
pituritary gland growth
what is the effect of an optic tract lesion
contralateral homonymous hemianopia
what is the optic radiation
geniculostriate pathway
neurons from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual (striate) cortex along the calcarine fissure
if the left pupillary light reflex does not work but the right consensual reflex does, what is the lesion
occulomotor
what are the side effects of opiods
respiratory depression
reduced GI motility
bradycardia
pupil constriction (may be useful in diagnosis of opoid overdose)
