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MD4001 > neuro exam > Flashcards

neuro exam Flashcards

1
Q

what are cafe au lait blotches a sign of

A

neurofibromatosis

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2
Q

why is it useful to shake hands with the patient

A

assess myotonia

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3
Q

which muscles should be palpated for muscle bulk

A

quadriceps and calves

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4
Q

what does a flexed upper limb and extended lower limb suggest

A

hemiplegia

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5
Q

what does a wrist drop suggest

A

radial nerve palsy

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6
Q

what is chorea

A

abrupt involuntary movements

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7
Q

what is a postural tremour

A

tremour when the limb is maintained in a position

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8
Q

what does a fasciculation with weakness suggest

A

LMN degeneration

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9
Q

what lesion does clonus suggest

A

UMN

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10
Q

how is power assesed

A

scale of 0-5

0- no muscle contraction 
1-flicker of contraction 
2- joint moves when gravity is eliminated
3- movement against gravity 
4- movement against resistance but weak 
5- normal power
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11
Q

what nerves are used in hip abduction

A

L4/5/S1

glut medius and minimus, sartorius, tensor fascia latae

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12
Q

what nerves does knee flexion use

A

L5/S1

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13
Q

shoulder abduction

A

C5

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14
Q

elbow flexion

musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5,6

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15
Q

elbow extension (triceps)

A

c6/7/8

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16
Q

wrist extension

A

c6,7,8

17
Q

wrist flexion

A

c6,7,8

18
Q

finger flexion

A

T1

19
Q

how do you classify reflexes

A 
0 absent
\+ normal but reduced
\++ normal 
\+++ increased, could be normal 
\++++ greatly increased
20
Q

brachioradialis reflex

A

C6

21
Q

triceps reflex

A

C7

22
Q

biceps reflex

A

C5

23
Q

knee jerk reflex

A

L3/4

24
Q

ankle jerk reflex

A

S1

25
Q

babinski reflex

A

L5, S1, S2

26
Q

what is sensory ataxia

A

loss of coordination caused by loss of sensory input into the control of movement
(not cerebellar dysfunction)

27
Q

how can you tell if an ataxia is sensory rather than cerebellar

A

movement is near normal when eyes are open but much worse when closed

28
Q

what lesions could cause a sensory ataxia

A

sensory peripheral neuropathies

dorsal column dysfunction

29
Q

what is a positive Romberg’s test

A

swaying with eyes closed indicates proprioceptive or sensory defect

30
Q

what are the signs of cerebellar disease

A 
nystagmus 
dysarthria
dysdiadokinesia 
intention tremor
past pointing 
cerebellar drift and rebound
hypotonia
31
Q

what does the acronym DANISH stand for

A 
Dysdiadokinesia
ataxia
nystagmus
intention tremor
slurred speech 
hypotonia
32
Q

light touch, vibration, proprioception

A

dorsal columns

33
Q

pain and temp

A

spinothalamic

34
Q

what is Kernig’s sign

A

hip flexion
further knee extension is painful
indicates meningeal irritation

35
Q

how do you test for nerve root irritation

A

straight leg raising

a test done during the physical examination to determine whether a patient with low back pain has an underlying herniated disk,

patient lies down and legs are lifted in the air

MD4001 (38 decks)

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