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MD4001 > Practice questions 2 > Flashcards

Practice questions 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what nerve is at risk during thyroidectomy when the inferior thyroid artery is ligated

A

recurrent laryngeal

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2
Q

which branch of the subclavian artery helps to supply the brain

A

vertebral

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3
Q

which muscle divides the subclavian artery into three parts

A

scalenus anterior

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4
Q

what are paranasal air sinuses

A

spaces lined with respiratory epithelium which communicate with the nasal cavity

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5
Q

which paranasal sinus is inferior to the orbit

A

maxillary

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6
Q

which nerve supplies the posterior third of the tongue with taste sensation

A

glossopharyngeal

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7
Q

what nerve provides secretomotor innervation to the submandibular gland

A

facial

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8
Q

which cartilage completely surrounds the respiratory tract

A

cricoid

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9
Q

what muscle does the glossopharyngeal nerve supply?

A

stylopharyngeus

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10
Q

what is a side effect of tricyclic antidepressants

A

adverse effects on the heart

contraindicated with MAO inhibitors

dry mouth and blurred vision

postural hypotension

convulsions

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11
Q

bromocryptine

A

dopamine receptor antagonist

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12
Q

what can result from blockade of dopamine receptors

A

infertility

parkinsonianism

can treat psychotic disorders

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13
Q

what drug can block dopamine receptors

A

haloperidol (antipsychotic)

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14
Q

what happens when L-dopa is used to treat parkinsons

A

it is taken up by dopaminergic neurones

it can cause psychosis

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15
Q

what drug can be combined with L-dopa to reduce peripheral effects

A

carbidopa

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16
Q

what are some effects of chlorpromazine (neuroleptic antipsychotic)

A

causes urinary retention, gynaecomastia, weight gain, dry mouth

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17
Q

what is busipirone

A

anxiolytic

18
Q

what is 5-HT (Hydroxytryptamine)

A

central neurotransmitter

can cause increased GI motility

reuptake is inhibited by clomipramine

19
Q

what is clomipramine

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

20
Q

what is reserpine

A

antipsychotic and antihypertensive

21
Q

what are some features of excitotoxicity

A

excesive build up of neurotransmitter (glutamate) around the neuron

generation of free radicals

calcium overload

activation of intra cellular proteases and lipases

22
Q

what are some side effects of narcotic analgesia

A

nausea
dependence
sedation
resp, depression

23
Q

what prostaglandin opposes platelet aggregation

A

prostacyclin

24
Q

mannitol

A

a sugar used to treat raised intracranial pressure

25
Q

what are the features of drug metabolism

A

it may produce a compound with more or less pharmacological activity

it may produce metabolites with a higher water solubility

26
Q

which muscle displaces the eye downwards and inwards

A

inferior rectus muscle (occulomotor nerve)

27
Q

what muscles does the occulomotor nerve supply

A

superior rectus
levator palpebrae superioris
medial rectus
inferior oblique

28
Q

what are the two occulomotor nuclei

A

occulomotor nucleus

Edinger-westphal (psymp)

29
Q

where is the occulomotor nucleus

A

superior colliculus

30
Q

what is the function of the edinger westphal nucleus

A 
pupil constriction (sphincter pupillae)
cilliary muscle (accommodation)
31
Q

what muscle does the trochlear nerve supply

A

superior oblique

32
Q

what is the function of superior oblique (trochlear nerve)

A

abducts, depresses and internally rotates the eye

33
Q

how many extraoccular muscles control the eye

A

6

34
Q

what is the function of the lateral rectus muscle (abducens nerve(

A

points the eye down and laterally

35
Q

where does the olfactory and optic nerves emerge from

A

cerebrum/forebrain

36
Q

what nuclei are found in the midbrain

A

3 and 4

37
Q

what nuclei are found in the pons

A

5,6,7,8

38
Q

what nuclei are found in the medulla

A

9,10,11, 12

39
Q

what is a ganglion

A

a nuclei found in the PNS (in terms of cranial nerves they may be sensory or psymp)

40
Q

which cranial nerves have a sensory function

A

5,7,8,9,10

41
Q

which cranial nerves also have an autonomic function

A

3, 7, 9, 10

MD4001 (38 decks)

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