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MD4001 > Pouches and clefts > Flashcards

Pouches and clefts Flashcards

1
Q

what are pouches

A

invaginations of endoderm in the lateral walls of the pharynx

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2
Q

1st pouch

A

tympanic cavity

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3
Q

2nd pouch

A

palatine tonsil

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4
Q

3rd pouch

A

parathyroid and thymus

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5
Q

4th pouch

A

parathyroid gland and parafollicular cells of thyroid

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6
Q

what is an ectopic thymus

A

thymus remains in the neck

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7
Q

1st cleft

A

external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane

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8
Q

which arch proliferates to overgrow the 3rd and 4th arches

A

2nd

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9
Q

which clefts lose contact with the exterior forming the cervical sinus

A

2nd 3rd and 4th

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10
Q

what is the most common congenital disease of the neck

A

branchial cleft anomolies (cysts- adults, fistulas/sinuses- children)

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11
Q

whre are branchial cleft anomolies found

A

anterior to sternocleidomastoid

presume cancerous until proven otherwise

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12
Q

what is the function of hox genes

A

rostrocaudal patterning

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13
Q

what pouches dont form properly in digeorge

A

3rd and 4th pouches

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14
Q

what gene is involved in width of facial features

A

Sonic hedgehog

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15
Q

what problems can arise from SHH malfuncion

A

cyclopia
holoprosencephalon
diprosopus

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16
Q

what is craniosynostosis

A

fgf gene signalling activates bone calcification and reduces cell proliferation in the mesenchyme causing premature fusion

this causes brachycephaly and a misformed head

17
Q

what is Irf6

A

craniofacial defects

epidermis defects

18
Q

what genes are involved in cleft lip

A

PHF8 siderius x linked mental retardation

irf6 in van der woude and non syndromic

19
Q

what structure flips above the tongue

A

palatine shelf

20
Q

what can cause thyroid dysgenesis

A

pax8 and titf1

21
Q

describe the somatopy in the NTS

A 
ant tongue
post tongue
epiglottis
carotid sinus and body 
aortic arch 
(commisural nuceus for cardiovascular reflexes)
22
Q

what are the tongu swellings

A

lateral lingual
copula
epiglottal

MD4001 (38 decks)

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