Practice Questions Flashcards
Amato andKeith’s (1991) meta-analysis of the divorce outcome literature found that divorce had the strongest impact on children’s:
Conduct
From the perspective of object relations theory, the critical issue underlying borderline personality characteristics in children and adolescents is:
abandonment
Habituation is a function of:
number of repetitions
Which of the following groups has the highest rate of admission to private and state/county mental hospital inpatient services:
never married men
The direct pathway from the thalamus to the amygdala is responsible for what?
Responding rapidly to threatening stimuli
According to DSM, what percentage of people with a diagnosis of panic disorder also have agoraphobia?
33-50%
Kurt Lewin described the process of organization change as involving three states:
unfreezing, changing, and refreezing
What happens when reinforcement is removed from one behavior while another behavior continues to be reinforced?
Removal of reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior typically results in an increase in another reinforced behavior. This is referred to as behavioral contrast.
One distinguishing feature between Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia is that in Vascular Dementia:
the course is erratic rather than progressive
Edgar Schein proposed that at least in part, organizational culture acts as:
a defense mechanism that helps organizational members avoid uncertainty and anxiety.
What type of seizure affects movement and sensation, usually on one side of the body, and without a loss of consciousness?
A simple partial
Research by Sue and Colleagues (1991) found that matching therapist and client in terns of face/ethnicity:
improves treatment outcomes and reduces premature termination for members of some groups but not for others.
Mental health professionals are sometimes called upon to assist the court in assessing a person’s potential for violent behavior. In general, the predictions made by psychologists and psychiatrists yield and abundance of:
false positives
A practitioner of motivation interviewing would most likely emphasize what types of techniques?
Techniques that help the therapist communicate empathy.
What are milestone programs?
Programs aimed at people experiencing a transition (e.g. retirement).
What is primary prevention?
Programs being developed for a particular population rather than individuals.
What is secondary prevention?
Prevention programs aimed at specific individuals who have been identified as being at high-risk. As originally defined, it always includes some type of screening process.
What is a tertiary program?
A program for people who have already suffered mental health problems. Its purpose is to reduce the risk for relapse or a continuation or worsening of the problem.
From the perspective of attachment theory, a therapy client’s transference is a manifestation of:
an internal working model
According to Patterson and his colleagues, aggression in children is linked to the use of coercive discipline by their parents. In turn, the parents’ use of coercive discipline is directly related to:
the parents’ personality characteristics and the child’s temperament
What is the most effective means of establishing a conditioned response?
delay conditioning
In terms of anxiety disorders, GAD has the highest comorbidity rate. What is the most common co-diagnosis for GAD?
Social Phobia
In terms of medical illness in children, in terms of communication, the best strategy for parents is to:
give the child info about his/her illness that is consistent with the child’s developmental level
What side effects might a 42-year-old woman have after beginning to take lithium carbonate as a treatment for Bipolar Disorder?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
Relationship investigating the relationship between leader intelligence and leader effectiveness has found a ______ relationship between these two variables.
weak positive
To assess the reliability of a characteristic that fluctuates in severity or intensity over time, you would be best advised to use which coefficient?
Coefficient of internal consistency
An electolyte is a possible complication of bulimia nervosa. The danger of this complication lies in the fact that it can lead to:
Cardiac arrhythmias and arrest
Poor performance on the block design subtest is associated with:
brain damage
Poor performance on digit span is associated with:
brain deterioration
Poor performance on picture arrangement may be affected by:
brain damage
Poor performance on the verbal subtest:
is resistant to brain deterioration and is often used to estimate premorbid adjustment
Lab and dorm studies have consistently shown that males and females react differently to crowding. Specifically, lab studies suggest that crowding is more detrimental for males, and dorm studies indicate that:
females utilize less effective coping strategies than males in crowded situations
According to Donald Super, “career maturity” refers to:
the ability to accomplish the tasks of each stage of career development
Research suggests that the link between depression and pain is attributable to abnormalities in which neurotransmitters?
Serotonin and norepinephrin
The “paired comparison” technique is
a relative measure of job performance
An ApoE4 gene on chromosome 19 has been linked to an increased risk for:
Alzheimer’s disease
Studies comparing first disclosure of sexual orientation have found that:
the average ages of disclosure for gay men and lesbians is not significantly different
From the perspective of structural family therapy, a therapist’s failure to ________ is likely to produce resistance among family members.
join the family
Research comparing younger and older workers has found that younger workers expect:
more personal fulfillment from their jobs than older workers do.
Traditional Native American social organization is best described as:
collateral
For a person with Social Anxiety Disorder, panic attacks are:
cued by specific social situations
_______ is to b weight as ______ is to beta coefficient
Unstandardized; standardized
Lesions in the dorsolateral area of the prefrontal cores will likely produce:
dysexecutive syndrome (characterized by problems related to planning, problem-solving, abstract thinking, and insight as well as perseveration, inappropriate behaviors, and apathy.
Disinhibition syndrome is caused by lesions in the:
orbitofrontal area of the prefrontal cortex
Mesial frontal apathetic syndrome is caused by lesions in the:
mediofrontal area of the prefrontal cortex
Gertsmann’s syndrome is caused by damage to the:
left (dominant) parietal lobe
What is valence?
The perceived value of the available rewards
What is expectancy?
The belief that one’s effort will result in performance.
What is instrumentality?
The belief tat one’s performance will be rewarded.
What are the three beliefs of expectancy theory?
Valence, expectancy, and instrumentality.
What is Beck’s cognitive distortion of personalization?
When a person attributes external events to him/herself without evidence supporting such a causal connection.
What is Beck’s cognitive distortion of arbitrary inference?
Drawing a specific conclusion without supporting evidence or in the face of contradictory evidence.
What is Beck’s cognitive distortion of selective abstraction?
When a person interprets a situation on the basis of a single detail taken out of context.
What is Beck’s cognitive distortion of dichotomous thinking?
Categorizing an experience in terms of one of two extremes (if I don’t, everything will be terrible”)
What is balance theory?
Uses the concept of cognitive consistency to explain attitude change and focuses on the relationships between three entities - the person, another person, and a third person or an idea, event, or object.
To construct the 68% confidence interval for an examinee’s obtained test score, you would need the examinee’s score and:
the standard error of the measurement
Fading refers to:
the gradual removal of prompts
Research on the impact of teacher expectations has demonstrated that:
expectations are often based on personal characteristics, especially race and class.
Age of onset for Separation Anxiety is usually between 6-8 mths and peaks in intensity at about:
14-18 mths
To calculate an effect size (Cohen’s d), you need:
the means of the experimental and control groups
The multivariate technique known as “path analysis” is used to:
evaluate the viability of a causal model for a set of variables.
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the second-most common cause of MR after Down Syndrome. In addition to cognitive impairments, it is likely to produce what other impairments?
Hearing and visual impairments
Hermon Simon is known for his work on:
“bounded rationality” as an impediment to rational decision-making and artificial intelligence
Most often, brain damage that leads to memory loss causes problems related to:
retaining certain kinds of new information
When using a _____, the rater is provided with a list of behavioral examples and asked to indicate whether the ratee’s performance is equal to, worse than, or better than the performance described in each example.
mixed standard scale
The “dichotic listening task” has been widely used to study:
hemispheric asymmetry of functions
Multiple regression is used when:
scores on two or more X variables will be used to predict a single Y score
Cannonical correlation is:
an extension of multiple regression that is appropriate when there is more than one Y variable
Multiple discriminant analysis is used when:
the Y variable is nominal and two or moer X variables will be used to place the examinee into a category on Y
Cluster analysis is used:
to identify or confirm homogenous subgroups
According to Carol Gilligan, the different moral orientations of men and women can be traced to:
the early mother-child relationship
Linear regression is appropriate when:
a singel predictor will be used to predict or estimate a score on a single criterion
Multiple regression is appropriate when:
Multiple predictors will be used to predict a score on a single criterion
Multiple discriminent function analysis is:
an extension of discriminant function analysis when multiple predictors will be used to classify individuals into one of three or more criterion groups
Principle components analysis is:
similar to factor analysis and is used to identify the set of variables (components) that accounts for the total variance in a set of test scores
The highest lifetime rates of major depressive disorder among adults in the United States are for:
Native Americans
What can be said about memory loss associated with Amnestic Disorder due to a General Medical Condition?
The disorder always involves some degree of anterograde amnesia buy may or may not involve retrograde amnesia
Test sensitivity
Refers to the proportion of individuals with the disorder who are correctly identified by the test as having the disorder. It is calculated by dividing the number of true positives by the number or true positives plus false negatives.
Test specificity
Refers to the proportion of individuals without the disorder who are correclty identified by the test as not having the disorder. It is calculated by dividing the number of true negatives by the number of true negatives plus false positives.
Test’s positive predictive value
Refers to the proportion of individuals who test positive for the disorder and actually have the disorder. It is calculated by dividing the number of true positives by the number of true and false positives
Test negative predicitve value
Refers to the proportion of individuals who test negative for the disorder and actually do not have the disorder. It is caluclated by dividing the number of true negatives by the number of true and false negatives.
