Practice and Test Vocab Flashcards
1
Q
improvisation
A
بدیهه‌گویی، بدیهه‌سازی، حاضر‌جوابی، تعبیه، ابتکار
(noun) extemporary speech Synonyms: ad-libbing, autoschediasm, extemporization, speaking off the cuff, spontaneity, winging it
2
Q
dominant
A
چیره، مسلط، حکم‌فرما، نافذ، غالب، برجسته، نمایان، عمده، مشرف، مقتدر، مافوق، برتر
(adjective) superior, controlling Synonyms: ascendant, assertive, authoritative, bossy, chief, commanding, demonstrative, despotic, domineering, effective, first, foremost, governing, imperative, imperious, leading, main, obtaining, outweighing, overbalancing, overbearing, overweighing, paramount, powerful, predominant, predominate, preeminent, preponderant, presiding, prevailing, prevalent, principal, regnant, reigning, ruling, sovereign, supreme, surpassing, transcendent Antonyms: humble, inferior, modest, reserved, retiring, unaggressive, unassuming, uncontrolling (adjective) main, primary Synonyms: capital, chief, influential, major, number one, outstanding, paramount, predominant, preeminent, prevailing, prevalent, principal, prominent, stellar Antonyms: inferior, secondary, subordinate
Collocations
- a dominant hill - تپه‌ی مسلط (بر اطراف)
- a dominant personality - (روانشناسی) شخصیت چیره (یا سلطه‌گر)
- They had been oppressed by a more dominant race. - آنان توسط نژاد چیره‌تری مورد ظلم و جور قرار گرفته بودند. - one of the dominant states in Brazil - یکی از ایالت‌های برتر در کشور برزیل - ... today you are great and dominant - ... که امروز سالار و سرپنجه‌ای - the dominant eye - چشم غالب (قوی‌تر) - the dominant hemisphere of the brain - نیمکره‌ی غالب (در مغز)
3
Q
harbinger
A
پیشرو، منادی، جلودار، قاصد
(noun) indication Synonyms: augury, forerunner, foretoken, herald, messenger, omen, portent, precursor, sign, signal - Blossoms are harbingers of spring. - شکوفه‌ها نویدگر بهارند. - Their meeting was a harbinger of peace. - ملاقات آنان مقدمه‌ی صلح بود.
4
Q
prophetic
A
نبوتی، مبنی‌بر پیشگویی
(adjective) telling of the future Synonyms: apocalyptic, augural, Delphian, divinatory, fatidic, foreshadowing, mantic, occult, oracular, predictive, presaging, prescient, prognostic, prophetical, pythonic, sibylline, vaticinal, veiled - prophetic writings - نوشته‌‌های پیامبرانه - a prophetic statement - گفته‌ی آینده‌نگرانه - Hamlet's prophetic soul - روح آینده‌نگر هملت
5
Q
monotonous
A
یکنواخت، خسته‌کننده
(adjective) all the same, remaining the same Synonyms: banausic, blah, boring, colorless, dreary, droning, dull, dull as dishwater, flat, flat as pancake, ho-hum, humdrum, monotone, nothing, pedestrian, plodding, prosaic, puts one to sleep, recurrent, reiterated, repetitious, repetitive, samely, sing-song, soporific, tedious, tiresome, toneless, treadmill, unchanged, unchanging, uniform, uninflected, uninteresting, unrelieved, unvaried, unvarying, wearisome, wearying Antonyms: changing, ever-changing, exciting, lively, variable, versatile - He tried to keep his voice calm and monotonous as he spoke. - درحالی که صحبت می‌کرد، سعی داشت آرامی و یکنواختی صدای خود را حفظ کند. - the monotonous life of prisoners - زندگی یکنواخت و خسته‌کننده‌ی زندانیان - a monotonous landscape - منظره‌ی ملالت‌انگیز
6
Q
irrelevant
A
نا مربوط، بی ربط
(adjective) beside the point Synonyms: extraneous, foreign, garbage, immaterial, impertinent, inapplicable, inapposite, inappropriate, inappurtenant, inapropos, inapt, inconsequent, inconsequential, insignificant, not connected with, not germane, not pertaining to, off the point, off the topic, out of order, out of place, outside, pointless, remote, trivial, unapt, unconnected, unimportant, unnecessary, unrelated, without reference Antonyms: appropriate, necessary, pertinent, related, relevant - His speech was padded out with irrelevant material. - نطق او پر از مطالب نامربوط بود. - If his work is good his age is irrelevant. - اگر کارش خوب باشد سن او مطرح نیست. - relevant and irrelevant - با مورد و بی‌مورد
7
Q
stark
A
خشن، زبر، شجاع، خشک‌وسرد (درمورد زمین)، شاق، قوی، کامل، سرراست، رک، صرف، مطلق، حساس، سفت، سرسخت، پاک، به‌تمامی
(adjective) utter, absolute Synonyms: abrupt, arrant, bald, bare, blasted, blessed, blunt, complete, confounded, consummate, downright, entire, firm, flagrant, gross, infernal, out-and-out, outright, palpable, patent, pure, rank, severe, sheer, simple, stiff, unalloyed, unmitigated Antonyms: indefinite (adjective) bare, unadorned Synonyms: au naturel, austere, bald, barren, bleak, chaste, clear, cold, depressing, desolate, dreary, empty, forsaken, grim, harsh, naked, nude, plain, raw, severe, solitary, stripped, unclad, unclothed, uncovered, undraped, vacant, vacuous, void Antonyms: clothed, covered - Their bodies lay along the wall, stark and naked. - اجساد آنان در راستای دیوار افتاده بود، سفت و سرد و عریان. - stark discipline - انضباط شدید - one stark tree - درختی مثل خارچشم - a stark desert - صحرای برهوت - stark shelves - طاقچه‌های لخت‌و‌پتی - stark realism - واقع نگری ناخوشایند - stark brutality - وحشی‌گری محض - stark nonsense - چرند به تمام معنی - stark terror - وحشت محض - stark mad - کاملاً دیوانه
8
Q
activism
A
اعتقاد به لزوم عملیات حاد و شدید، فرضیه فلسفه (عملی)
(noun) action for change Synonyms: advocacy, boycotting, championing, effecting change, influence peddling, involvement, logrolling, militancy, moving and shaking, picketing, striking
9
Q
apathy
A
بی‌حسی، بی‌عاطفگی، خونسردی، بی‌علاقگی
(noun) uncaring attitude, lack of interest Synonyms: aloofness, coldness, coolness, detachment, disinterest, dispassion, disregard, dullness, emotionlessness, halfheartedness, heedlessness, indifference, insensibility, insensitivity, insouciance, lassitude, lethargy, listlessness, passiveness, passivity, stoicism, unconcern, unresponsiveness Antonyms: care, concern, feeling, interest, passion, sensitivity, sympathy, warmth
- People’s apathy about politics leads to politicians’ corruption.
- بی‌توجهی مردم نسبت به سیاست منجر به فساد سیاست‌مداران می‌گردد.
10
Q
affability
A
دلجویی، مهربانی، خوشرویی، مدارا
dictionary.com:
noun
the quality of being pleasantly easy to approach and talk to; friendliness or warm politeness:Her affability and good nature endear her to all those acquainted with her, and put at ease anyone meeting her for the first time.
11
Q
rife
A
شایع، پر، مملو، فراوان، عادی، زیاد، عمومی
(adjective) overflowing Synonyms: abounding, abundant, alive, common, current, epidemic, extensive, frequent, general, many, multitudinous, numerous, pandemic, plentiful, popular, prevailing, prevalent, profuse, raging, rampant, regnant, replete, ruling, swarming, teeming, thronged, ubiquitous, universal, widespread Antonyms: low, scarce - to be rife - شایع بودن، فراگستر بودن - Corruption was rife in many ministries. - در بسیاری از وزارت‌خانه‌ها فساد رواج داشت. - rife with error - پراز غلط
12
Q
deteriorate
A
بدتر کردن، خراب کردن، روبه‌زوال گذاشتن
(verb) decay, degenerate Synonyms: adulterate, alloy, become worse, be worse for wear, break, corrode, corrupt, crumble, debase, debilitate, decline, decompose, degrade, deprave, depreciate, descend, disimprove, disintegrate, ebb, fade, fail, fall apart, flag, go downhill, go to pieces, go to pot, go to the dogs, hit the skids, impair, injure, languish, lapse, lessen, lose it, lose quality, lower, mar, pervert, regress, retrograde, retrogress, rot, sink, skid, slide, spoil, undermine, vitiate, weaken, wear away, worsen Antonyms: build, construct, develop, get better, improve - Wood deteriorates faster in damp places. - چوب در جاهای مرطوب زودتر خراب می‌شود. - The relations between the two countries have been deteriorating for sometime. - مدتی است که روابط بین دو کشور رو به خرابی می‌رود. - Aunt Turan's health is fast deteriorating. - سلامتی عمه توران به سرعت رو به وخامت است. - a deterioration of the weather conditions - بدتر شدن وضع آب و هوا
13
Q
phony
A
( phoney ) نادرست، غیرموثق، غلط، حقه‌باز، ساختگی
(adjective) fake, false Synonyms: affected, artificial, assumed, bogus, counterfeit, forged, imitation, pseudo, put-on, sham, spurious, trick Antonyms: genuine, real, sincere - a phony diploma - دیپلم قلابی - He spoke in a phony Esfahany accent. - او با لهجه‌‌ی ساختگی اصفهانی حرف می‌زد. - a phony doctor - پزشک قلابی - a phony smile - لبخند دروغین - His brother is a phony. - برادر او دغل‌باز است.
14
Q
allegation
A
اظهار، ادعا، بهانه، تأیید
(noun) assertion placing blame Synonyms: accusation, affirmation, asservation, avowal, charge, claim, declaration, deposition, overment, plea, profession, statement - the allegations concerning his taking bribes - اتهامات مربوط به رشوه‌گیری او - His allegations were unfounded. - ادعاهای او بی‌اساس بود.
15
Q
incongruous
A
نامتجانس
(adjective) out of place; absurd Synonyms: alien, bizarre, conflicting, contradictory, disconsonant, discordant, disparate, distorted, divergent, extraneous, fantastic, fitful, foreign, illogical, improper, inappropriate, inapropos, inapt, incoherent, incompatible, incongruent, inconsistent, irreconcilable, irregular, jumbled, lopsided, mismatched, out of keeping, rambling, shifting, twisted, unavailing, unbalanced, unbecoming, unconnected, uncoordinated, uneven, unintelligible, unpredictable, unrelated, unsuitable, unsuited Antonyms: compatible, congruous, consistent, corresponding, fitting, harmonious, matched, suitable, uniform - incongruous desires - خواسته‌های ناهم‌خوان - an incongruous story - داستانی پرتناقص - incongruous colors - رنگ‌های ناجور (به‌هم نخور)
16
Q
equitable
A
منصف، متساوی
(adjective) impartial Synonyms: candid, cricket, decent, disinterested, dispassionate, due, ethical, even-handed, even-steven, fair, fair and square, fair shake, fair-to-middling, honest, impersonal, just, level, moral, nondiscriminatory, nonpartisan, objective, proper, proportionate, reasonable, right, rightful, square, square deal, stable, unbiased, uncolored, unprejudiced Antonyms: biased, disproportionate, partial, prejudiced, unequitable, unfair, unjust, unreasonable - an equitable price - قیمت عادلانه - equitable treatment - رفتار منصفانه
17
Q
fortuitous
A
اتفاقی، شانسی
(adjective) lucky, accidental Synonyms: arbitrary, casual, chance, contingent, fluke, fluky, fortunate, haphazard, happy, incidental, luck in, luck out, lucky-dog, odd, providential, random, serendipitous, unforeseen, unplanned Antonyms: calculated, deliberate, designed, intentional, planned, unlucky - a fortuitous meeting of two old friends - ملاقات تصادفی دو دوست دیرین - A series of fortuitous circumstances that helped advance her political career. - سلسله موقعیت‌های فرخنده‌ای که به پیشرفت کارهای سیاسی او کمک کرد.
18
Q
warring
A
dictionary.com:
verb (used without object), warred, war·ring.
to make or carry on war; fight: to war with a neighboring nation.
to carry on active hostility or contention: Throughout her life she warred with sin and corruption.
19
Q
faction
A
دسته‌بندی، حزب، انجمن، فرقه، نفاق
(noun) group sharing a belief or cause Synonyms: band, bloc, bunch, cabal, camp, caucus, cell, circle, clan, clique, club, coalition, combination, combine, combo, concern, conclave, confederacy, conspiracy, contingent, coterie, crew, crowd, design, division, entente, gang, guild, insiders, intrigue, junta, knot, lobby, machine, minority, mob, network, offshoot, outfit, partnership, party, pressure group, ring, schism, sect, section, sector, set, side, splinter group, team, unit, wing Antonyms: entirety, total, whole (noun) conflict, strife Synonyms: disagreement, discord, disharmony, dissension, disunity, division, divisiveness, friction, infighting,quarrelsomeness, rebellion, sedition, tumult, turbulence Antonyms: agreement, conformity, peace, unity
- warring factions within the party
- دسته‌بندی‌های خصومت‌کننده در داخل حزب
20
Q
presumptive
A
گستاخ، جسور، فرضی، احتمالی
dictionary.com:
adjective
affording ground for belief or presumption: presumptive evidence.
based on likelihood or presumption: a presumptive title; the presumptive nominee.
regarded as such by presumption; based on inference; assumed: a presumptive case of pneumonia.
Embryology. pertaining to the part of an embryo that, in the course of normal development, will predictably become a particular structure or region.
- an heir presumptive - وارث احتمالی - presumptive evidence - قراین احتمالی، اماره
21
Q
impartiality
A
بی‌طرفی
(noun) evenhandedness Synonyms: neutrality, probity, justice, equality, fairness
22
Q
sham
A
قلابی، ساختگی، دروغی، ریاکاری، وانمود کردن، به خودبستن، تظاهر کردن
(adjective) artificial, counterfeit Synonyms: adulterated, affected, assumed, bogus, dummy, ersatz, fake, false, feigned, fictitious, forged, fraudulent, imitation, lying, make-believe, misleading, mock, phony, plaster, pretend, pretended, pseudo, simulated, so-called, spurious, substitute, synthetic, untrue Antonyms: real, true (noun) hoax, trick Synonyms: burlesque, cant, caricature, cheat, counterfeit, cover-up, deceit, deception, facade, fake, fakery, false front, farce, feint, flimflam, forgery, fraud, hypocrisy, hypocriticalness, imitation, impostor, imposture, jive, mock, mockery, pharisaism, phoniness, pretend, pretense, pretext, pseudo, put-on, sell, smoke, snow job, spoof, travesty, whitewash (verb) trick; pull a hoax Synonyms: act, affect, ape, assume, bluff, copy, counterfeit, create, do a number, fake, fake it, feign, imitate, invent, lie, make like, mislead, mock, play possum, pretend, put on, put up a front, shuck and jive, simulate, sucker Antonyms: tell truth - That claim was a mere sham. - آن ادعا جز حقه‌بازی چیزی نبود. - a sham battle - جنگ زرگری - sham pearls - مروارید ساختگی - I shammed headache. - وانمود کردم که سردرد دارم.
23
Q
stance
A
نظر، عقیده، اعتقاد
وضع، حالت، طرز ایستادن
(noun) position, posture Synonyms: attitude, bearing, carriage, color, deportment, posture, say-so, slant, stand, standpoint, viewpoint - the crouching stance of a boxer - حالت خیز‌برداشته‌ی بوکسور - a belligerant political stance - موضع سیاسی ستیز‌گرایانه
24
Q
infer
A
نتیجه‌گیری کردن، دریافتن (مطلب یا مفهوم)، پی بردن به، (عامیانه) حدس زدن، اشاره کردن بر
(verb) conclude Synonyms: arrive at, ascertain, assume, believe, collect, conjecture, construe, deduce, derive, draw, draw inference, figure, figure out, gather, glean, guess, induce, interpret, intuit, judge, presume, presuppose, reach conclusion, read between lines, read into, reason, reckon, speculate, suppose, surmise, think, understand Antonyms: misconceive, misunderstand - We see smoke and we infer fire. - ما دود می‌بینیم و به آتش پی می‌بریم. - As may be inferred from the picture, he was a happy man. - به‌طوری که از عکس دریافت می‌شود او مرد شادی بود. - He was inferring that he had no room for all of us. - او داشت به‌طور غیرمستقیم می‌گفت که جا برای همه‌ی ما ندارد.
25
Q
dispersal
A
پراکندگی
dictionary.com:
noun
dispersion (def. 1).
- the dispersal of new life forms on (the planet) earth
- پراکنش شکل‌های جدید زیست در کره‌ی زمین
26
Q
excretion
A
دفع، مدفوع
(noun) the act of excreting Synonyms: elimination, urination, evacuation, discharge, discharging, secretion, defecation, expelling, expulsion, ejecting, ejection, voiding, leaving, perspiration, sweating, exudation Antonyms: accretion, eating, receiving (noun) the product of excretion Synonyms: waste matter, excreta, feces, excrement
27
Q
credibility
A
اعتبار، قابل‌قبول بودن، باور‌کردنی، باورپذیری، قابلیت اعتماد یا اطمینان، وثوق، شایستگی
(noun) believeableness Synonyms: believability, chance, integrity, likelihood, plausibility, possibility, probability, prospect, reliability, satisfactoriness, solidity, solidness, soundness, tenability, trustworthiness, validity Antonyms: implausibility, improbability, unreasonableness
28
Q
flora
A
کلیه گیاهان یک سرزمین، گیاه‌نامه، الهه گل، گیا
(noun) vegetable life Synonyms: verdure, plants, vegetation - the flora of Africa - گونه‌های گیاهی افریقا - flora and fauna - گیا و زیا
