Practical stuff Flashcards
Do we need to pass the QNH to outbound a/c from aerodrome control?
No
What are the NPRs for Rwy 26?
A/c of w/t cat LM and higher are not permitted to deviate from SIDS until FL40 or above
All a/c may depart S/A unrestricted
What are the NPRs for Rwy 08?
There aren’t any
For what types of a/c are runways 08/26 suitable?
All types
For what types of a/c are runways 17/35 suitable?
LM and below
What range of codes are available to Avon Radar?
3601-3617
What does SSR Code 3615 signify?
VFR Northern Departures
What does SSR Code 3616 signify?
VFR Southern Departures
What does SSR Code 3617 signify?
Jettisoning fuel
What is the MAP for the ILS rwy 26?
Climb S/A to 2DME or 1030ft whichever is later, then climbing left turn to altitude 3000ft on track EVN
What CAT of ILS is rwy 08?
I
What are the conditions for the application of 3nm sep?
Both a/c are;
-Identified
-WIthin 40nm of the radar head
-Below FL195
What radar separation do we need to provide between dep a/c and why?
5nm as they have not yet been identified
Can we use SSR for sep?
Yes provided;
1) The a/c is inside CAS, or;
2a) The a/c is inbound to Avon, and;
b) Any service outside CAS is reduced, and;
c) Minimum sep is 5nm
What is the MAP for the ILS rwy 08?
Climb S/A to the EVN to altitude 3000ft
What is the MAP for SRAs on rwy 26?
Climb S/A to altitude 1030ft then climbing left turn to the EVN to altitude 3000ft
What is the MAP for SRAs on rwy 08?
Climb S/A to the EVN to altitude 3000ft
What is the MAP for SRAs on rwy 35?
Climb S/A to altitude 1030ft then climbing left turn to the BRN to altitude 3000ft
What is the MAP for SRAs on rwy 17?
Climb S/A to altitude 1030ft then proceed direct to BRN in the climb to altitude 3000ft
What is the lowest level available at EVN?
3000ft
What is the lowest level available at WVN?
3000ft
What is the lowest level available at TAM?
3000ft
What is the lowest level available at TYN?
FL50ft
What is the lowest level available at BRN?
Technically 3000ft in MATs 2 but recommended to use FL60
Which runways have IRVR?
26 and 08
When can we apply 3nm sep?
1) When a/c are identified
2) Within 40nm of the Radar Head
3) Below FL195
4) PSR is working
What sep do we apply between returns when the radar is SSR only?
5nm
When can you descend a/c below FL60 at Avon?
When the a/c is within the respective arrival sector
What is the terrain safe level?
Altitude 2000ft within the SMAA, 2500ft outside (out to 40nm)
What ASR is Avon within?
Portland
What information will be passed to Lisset Radar, Hillsdown Radar or Medway Control for a Radar Handover (MATs 2)?
a) A/c c/s
b) Position
c) Heading or observed track
d) SSR code if any
e) Level, and;
f) A/c intentions and any other pertinent information e.g. service
How can position information be passed?
1) A well-known geographical position;
2) Bearing (using points of the compass) and distance from a known position;
3) Magnetic track and distance to a location displayed on the situation display that is a reporting point, an en-route navigational aid, or an approach aid; (Distance between aircraft and reference point MUST NOT exceed 30nm if on a published ATS route OR direction is given in degrees.)
4) Latitude and Longitude (by specific units only when authorised in MATS Part
2); or
(5) Distance from touchdown if the aircraft is on final approach.
When shall position information be passed?
1) Following identification of the aircraft using the turn method
2) At the pilot’s request
3)Aircraft is flying off the correct track
4) Pilot’s estimate differs significantly from controller’s,
based on ATS surveillance system observation
5) Pilot is instructed to resume own navigation after vectoring if controller considers it necessary
6) Position information MAY be passed when considered necessary
What speed can a/c be instructed to reduce to above FL100?
250kts
What speed can a/c be instructed to reduce to after the initial approach?
220kts (try 230kts for the jets)
What speed can a/c be instructed to reduce to on base?
180kts
What speed can a/c be instructed to reduce to on final and until when can this be applied?
160kts until 4DME
When can we issue the instruction reduce to minimum approach speed?
On final approach only
When is it not necessary to give a 10 mile check?
When the a/c is a Code/Callsign converted transponding a/c conducting an ILS approach to land
What further actions must we as the Radar controller conduct if the ATM is notified as u/s?
Must pass range checks in respect of all a/c
Within what distance from touchdown can inbound a/c be descended to altitude 2000ft?
Within 16nm and on late downwind or base leg. This is to ensure sep from departing SVFR a/c
When may a/c be descended to altitude 1500ft?
Within the FAVA and within 10nm on a closing heading
What are the hilding speeds for a/c up to an including 14000ft?
Normal;
CAT A & B- 170kt
CAT C, D & E- 230kt
Turbulent
CAT A & B- 170kt
CAT C, D & E- 280kt
What is the normal length of the outbound leg for a hold?
1 min, 1 and 1/2 above 14000ft
How do you identify aircraft using the turn method?
An aircraft may be identified by ascertaining its heading and, following a period of track observation, correlating the observed movement of a particular Position Indication with:
- the acknowledged execution of an instruction to alter heading by at least 30°;
- one or more changes of heading of at least 30°‚ as instructed by another controller;
- one or more changes of heading of at least 30° reported by the pilot.
A turn for identification does not constitute the provision of a surveillance service. However, controllers should take into consideration, terrain, other surveillance returns, PSR coverage and the RoA before instructing an aircraft to alter heading.
In using the turn method the controller shall:
(1) verify that the movements of not more than one Position Indication correspond with those of the aircraft;
(2) exercise caution particularly when employing this method in areas where changes of aircraft heading are commonly made as a navigational routine.
How do you identify aircraft using the departing aircraft method?
By observing and correlating the Position Indication of a departing aircraft to a known airborne time. Identification is to be achieved within one mile of the end of the runway unless otherwise authorised by the CAA.
Particular care should be taken to avoid confusion with aircraft overflying the aerodrome, making a missed approach, departing from an adjacent runway or holding overhead the aerodrome.
How do you identify aircraft using the position report method?
By correlating a particular Position Indication with a report from the pilot that the aircraft is:
(1) over an exact reporting point which is displayed on the situation display; or
(2) at a particular distance not exceeding 30 miles on a particular radial from a co- located VOR/DME or TACAN (DME). The source facility must be displayed on the situation display; or
(3) over a notified visual reference point or prominent geographical feature, in either case approved for the purpose and displayed on the situation display, provided that
(the flight is operating with visual reference to the surface and at a height of 3000 ft or less above the surface.) UK
The identification must follow a period of track observation sufficient to enable the controller to compare the movement of the Position Indication with the pilot’s reported route. The reported position and level of the aircraft must indicate that it is within known PSR cover.
This method must be reinforced by an alternative method if there is any doubt about the identification because of:
(1) the close proximity of other returns; or
(2) inaccurate reporting from aircraft at high level or some distance from navigational facilities.
How can transfer of identification be effected?
Designation by automated means, provided that only one position indication is indicated with no possible doubt
Notification of the aircrafts discrete SSR code or aircraft address
Notification that the a/c is Mode S / ADS-B equipped with an ident feature when coverage is available
Direct designation (pointing) of the Position Indication where two situation displays are adjacent or a conference type of display is used.
Designation by reference to bearing and distance from a geographical position or nav facility, together with the track of the observed position indication if the route of the a/c is not known to both ATCO’s
Not more than 30nm from the VOR/DME facility
Instructing an aircraft to change SSR code by the and accepting controller observes this
Issuing an instruction to squawk IDENT and accepting controller observes this
When shall an a/c be informed of their position?
Upon identification, except when identification is established:
Based on pilots report of aircraft position or within 1nm of the runway on departure
By use of ADS-B/Mode S ident or assigned discrete SSR code
By transfer of identification
When pilot requests this information
When pilots estimated position differs significantly from controllers estimate based on observed position
When pilot instructed to resume own navigation after vectoring If current instructions had deviated from assigned route
Immediately before termination of ATS surveillance service if a/c observed to deviate from intended route
How is position information passed to a/c?
Reference to a well-known geographical position
Magnetic track and distance to significant point, an en-route aid or approach aid
Direction (using compass point) and distance from known position
Distance to touchdown when on final approach
Distance & direction from centre line of ATS route
How may an A/C be indentified using SSR?
Observing compliance with the instruction to set a discrete four digit code
Recognising a previously validated Mode A code- code/callsign conversion procedures may also be used if code/callsign pairing has been confirmed
Observing an Ident feature when it has been requested
How may a squawk be validated?
Instruct a/c to squawk assigned code and observe that the correct numbers appear on the situation display
Instructing the a/c to squawk ident and simultaneously checking that the code numbers are associated with the radar return
Matching a previously identified radar return with the assigned code for the flight
What are your actions if the observed Mode A readout does not correlate to that expected?
Instruct pilot to reset assigned code
If error persists instruct pilot to select A0000
If it still persists instruct pilot to switch off transponder- a corrupt code may be retained for identification and tracking purposes if the Mode C is verified but adjacent ATSUs must be informed
When may a Mode A code be deemed validated?
When the code set can be recognised by the code assignment plan to have been assigned by a unit deemed capable of validating the code, providing the code has not been notified as corrupt.
How is Mode C verified?
By simultaneous comparison of the displayed data with the information received from the a/c via R/T
What are your actions if the Mode C data is not within assigned tolerances?
Pilot should be advised and requested to check the pressure setting and confirm the a/c’s level
What are the ATCO’s actions if Mode C data is still inaccurate after confirming the pressure setting?
Request the pilot to switch off Mode C provided this does not interrupt the operation of Mode A and notify the next ATSUs of the action taken
Inform the pilot of the discrepancy and request Mode C operation continue in order to prevent loss of position and identity information on the a/c, notify the next ATSUs
When is an a/c considered to be at an assigned level?
When 3 consecutive sweeps (or 15 seconds whichever is greater) show that the Mode C is +/- 200ft of the assigned level
When is an a/c considered to have passed a level?
When the Mode C indicates 400ft or more through that level and continuing in the anticipated direction
When is an a/c considered to have vacated a level (ICAO)?
When the Mode C indicates 400ft or more from that level and continuing in the anticipated direction
When must an a/c be informed of their position and that they have been identified inside CAS?
Only when using the turn method
When must an a/c be informed of their position and that they have been identified outside CAS?
Informed identified- SSR, turn, departing, and position report methods
Position passed- only for the turn method
What are your actions as a controller on receipt of an RA?
Say roger to the a/c and leave them until clear of conflict
What responsibility for separation does an ATCO have during an RA?
ATC responsibility ceases for sep from affected traffic
Should an ATCO pass traffic information to a/c receiving an RA?
Not normally and also shouldn’t pass it to other a/c affected by such manoeuvres
When does an ATCO resume responsibility for an a/c after an RA?
ATCO acknowledges report from pilot that they have resumed their previous clearance
or
The controller acknowledges a report from the pilot that this is a/c is resuming the clearance and issues another clearance which is acknowledged by the pilot
When may an a/c be instructed to climb VMC?
When requested and agreed by the pilots of both a/c
In Class D and E airspace
Pilots maintain their own sep
Below 10000ft
During the day
In VMC
What is Essential Traffic Information?
Information passed between a/c that are not separated by the appropriate minima
What shall Essential Traffic Information contain?
Direction of flight
Type and W/T Cat of a/c
Cruising level of a/c concerned and;
a) Estimated time over the reporting point closest to where the level will be crossed, or;
b) Relative bearing of the a/c concerned in terms of the 12-hour clock as well as distance from conflicting traffic, or;
c) Actual or estimated position of the a/c concerned
Give an example of Essential Traffic Info
“Bigjet 347, essential traffic information, a westbound B737 maintaining FL80 estimating KTN at 50”
VFR a/c asks for a Deconfliction Service, can you give this?
No, Deconfliction Service can only be given to IFR a/c
Surveillance services should be reduced when?
a) A/C operating close to; the edge of situation display, radar overhead, weather clutter or PEs
b) A/c is operating in area of high traffic density
c) Operating close to limits of solid radar cover
d) Services is provided by using SSR only (when approved)
e) A/c is operating in known areas of poos surveillance performance/PEs/weather clutter
f) ATCO suspects the ATS surveillance system is degraded
What are your actions when the radar fails?
1) Notify a/c under your control
2) Establish a procedural sep
3) Reduced vertical sep of (500ft) may be used temporarily
4) Pass ETI if necessary
How can position information be passed to an a/c?
1) Well known geographical position
2) Bearing (using points of the compass) and distance from a known position
3) Magnetic track and distance to a reporting point, en-route nav aid or approach aid on the situation display
4) Lat and long
5) Distance from touchdown if the a/c is on final approach
How can you transfer identity of an a/c using PSR in the UK?
Direct designation
Designation by direction and distance from a common reference point
Designation by electronic means
What considerations are there regarding the direct designation method of transferring identity?
The situation displays must be adjacent or a conference type
Ensure position returns correlate
What must a Radar Handover contain?
Position
SSR Code
Heading or observed track
Flight level/altitude
To be given in the pre-note;
A/c type
Point of dep and destination
Type of service
Any additional info
What considerations are there regarding the method of transferring identity using direction and distance from a common ref point?
May be a nav facility or a geographical position
Must be situated on both displays
Position indication must be within 3nm of the position stated
Distance between a/c and ref point must not exceed 30nm (using mag tracks, radials and bearings) or 15nm (when using cardinal directions)
Within what range of the radar head may 3nm sep be used?
40nm
What separation do we apply between departing a/c and others on our frequency?
5nm until identified, thereafter may use 3nm
What sep do we provide between known and unknown a/c in CAS?
5nm and/or 5000ft (do not allow blips to merge)
When may an inbound a/c at Avon be descended to 2000ft?
Within 17nm of touchdown
What a/c may be offered a visual approach?
IFR only
Do VFR a/c conduct visual approaches?
no
When may an a/c conduct a visual approach?
Pilot reports he can maintain visual ref to the surface and;
1) The reported C.C is at or above the level of the beginning of the initial approach segment, or;
2) The pilot reports at any time after commencing an approach procedure that the vis will permit a visual approach and landing and a reasonable assurance exists that this can be accomplished.
When can visual approaches not be approved?
When the RVR is less than 800m, in this instance pilot will be informed that this approach is not available and asked for their intentions
Are we required to separate a/c on a visual approach?
Yes they are still IFR
Can you provide a Deconfliction Service below the terrain safe level?
No, should provide a traffic service instead
Whom are SVFR a/c separated from?
IFR and other SVFR
Are we required to provide Deconfliction Minima against a/c inside CAS?
No unless surveillance info indicates that a/c is leaving CAS
What are the deconfliction minima against known a/c?
3nm or 1000ft
What are the deconfliction minima against unknown a/c?
5nm or 3000ft, surveillance returns should also not merge unless Mode A data indicates that the Mode C is verified
What are your actions if a pilot under a DS asks to descend below the terrain safe level?
They will be reminded that they are responsible for terrain sep and service downgraded to a TS
When is traffic considered to be relevant?
When the flight profile indicates it will pass within 3nm or 3000ft of the a/c receiving the service.
Info should be passed prior to the a/c being with 5nm
Who is responsible for terrain sep below the terrain safe level on a TS?
The pilot
When can ATCOs issue headings to a/c under a TS?
Only above the terrain safe level
How will traffic info be passed to an a/c who is manoeuvring?
Using cardinal points
What are our actions when an unknown a/c enters Class D airspace?
IFR flights shall be given avoidance advice and traffic info passed
SVFR and VFR flights shall be given traffic info and (if requested by the pilot) avoidance advice
