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#NUR1114 Bioscience > Practical Class 2: Functional Anatomy – the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Practical Class 2: Functional Anatomy – the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Define

Upper Limb

A

The upper limb refers to the entire arm, including the shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and hand.

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2
Q

Define

Shoulder Joint

A

The ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, allowing for a wide range of motion.

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3
Q

Define

Scapula

A

The shoulder blade, a flat, triangular bone located on the posterior side of the thorax.

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4
Q

Define

Spine of Scapula

A

A bony ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula, extending from the acromion to the medial border.

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5
Q

Define

Acromion

A

The lateral end of the spine of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder.

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6
Q

Define

Coracoid Process

A

A bony projection on the anterior aspect of the scapula, providing attachment for muscles and ligaments.

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7
Q

Define

Glenoid Cavity or Fossa

A

A shallow, cup-shaped depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.

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8
Q

Define

Medial (Vertebral) Border

A

The edge of the scapula that faces the vertebral column.

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9
Q

Define

Clavicle

A

The collarbone, a slender bone that connects the sternum to the acromion of the scapula.

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10
Q

Define

Acromial (Lateral) End

A

The end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula.

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11
Q

Define

Sternal (Medial) End

A

The end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum.

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12
Q

Define

Humerus

A

The long bone of the upper arm or forelimb, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.

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13
Q

Define

Head, Shaft (humerus)

A

The rounded proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity, and the elongated portion of the bone extending distally.

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14
Q

Define

Medial and Lateral Epicondyles of the humerus

A

Prominent bony projections on the distal end of the humerus, serving as attachment sites for muscles of the forearm.

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15
Q

Define

Capitulum (Lateral Condyle)

A

The rounded, knob-like structure on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.

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16
Q

Define

Trochlea (Medial Condyle)

A

The spool-shaped structure on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

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17
Q

Define

Deltoid Tuberosity

A

A roughened area on the lateral side of the humeral shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches.

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18
Q

Define

Greater Tubercle

A

A large, bony prominence on the proximal end of the humerus, located laterally to the head.

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19
Q

Define

Intertubercular Sulcus

A

A groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus, through which the tendon of the biceps brachii passes.

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20
Q

Define

Ulna

A

The medial bone of the forearm, located on the inner side of the forearm when in the standard anatomical position.

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21
Q

Define

Olecranon Process (Elbow)

A

The prominent bony projection on the proximal end of the ulna, forming the point of the elbow.

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22
Q

Define

Trochlear Notch

A

A deep, C-shaped notch on the proximal end of the ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

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23
Q

Define

Styloid Process

A

A pointed, bony projection on the distal end of the ulna.

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24
Q

Define

Radius

A

The lateral bone of the forearm, located on the outer side of the forearm when in the standard anatomical position.

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25
Q

Define

Radial Tuberosity

A

A roughened area on the proximal end of the radius where the biceps brachii tendon attaches.

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26
Q

Define

Styloid Process

A

A pointed, bony projection on the distal end of the radius.

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27
Q

Define

Interosseous Membrane

A

A fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects the shafts of the radius and ulna.

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28
Q

Define

Carpals

A

The eight small bones that form the wrist.

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29
Q

Define

Metacarpals

A

The five bones that form the middle part of the hand, between the wrist and the fingers.

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30
Q

Define

Phalanges

A

The bones of the fingers and toes.

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31
Q

Define

Hinge Joint

A

A type of synovial joint that allows movement primarily in one plane, like the elbow.

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32
Q

Define

Pivot Joint

A

A type of synovial joint that allows rotational movement, like the radioulnar joint.

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33
Q

Define

Condylar Joints

A

Synovial joints where an oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity, allowing movement in two planes, such as the wrist joint.

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34
Q

Define

Saddle Joint

A

A synovial joint where the articular surfaces resemble a saddle, allowing movement in two planes, like the thumb joint.

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35
Q

Define

Origin

A

The fixed attachment point of a muscle, usually proximal.

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36
Q

Define

Insertion

A

The movable attachment point of a muscle, usually distal.

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37
Q

Define

Trapezius

A

A large, triangular muscle on the back that supports and moves the shoulder blades and extends the neck.

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38
Q

Define

Latissimus Dorsi

A

A broad, flat muscle on the back that extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

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39
Q

Define

Pectoralis Major

A

A thick, fan-shaped muscle on the chest that adducts and medially rotates the arm and assists with shoulder flexion.

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40
Q

Define

Serratus Anterior

A

A muscle on the lateral side of the thorax that helps to protract and stabilize the scapula.

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41
Q

Define

Deltoid

A

A large, rounded muscle on the shoulder that abducts, flexes, and extends the arm.

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42
Q

Define

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

A group of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

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43
Q

Define

Supraspinatus

A

A rotator cuff muscle that abducts the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.

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44
Q

Define

Subscapularis

A

A rotator cuff muscle that medially rotates the arm and helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.

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45
Q

Define

Teres Minor

A

A rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.

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46
Q

Define

Infraspinatus

A

A rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates the arm and helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.

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47
Q

Define

Biceps Brachii

A

A muscle on the front of the upper arm that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

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48
Q

Define

Triceps Brachii

A

A muscle on the back of the upper arm that extends the elbow.

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49
Q

Define

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

A muscle of the forearm that flexes the middle phalanges of the fingers.

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50
Q

Define

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

A muscle of the forearm that flexes the thumb.

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51
Q

Define

Extensor Digitorum

A

A muscle of the forearm that extends the fingers.

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52
Q

Define

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

A muscle of the forearm that extends the thumb.

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53
Q

Define

Venepuncture

A

The process of obtaining intravenous access for intravenous therapy or venous blood sampling.

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54
Q

Define

Median Cubital Vein

A

A major vein in the arm commonly used for venipuncture, located in the cubital fossa.

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55
Q

Define

Cubital Fossa

A

A triangular area on the anterior aspect of the elbow, containing important veins, arteries, and nerves.

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56
Q

Define

Cephalic Vein

A

A superficial vein running along the lateral side of the forearm and arm, often used for venipuncture.

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57
Q

Define

Basilic Veins

A

Superficial veins running along the medial side of the forearm and arm, commonly used for venipuncture.

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58
Q

What is

Refers to the entire arm, including the shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and hand.

A

Upper Limb

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59
Q

What is

The ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula, allowing for a wide range of motion.

A

Shoulder Joint

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60
Q

What is

The shoulder blade, a flat, triangular bone located on the posterior side of the thorax.

A

Scapula

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61
Q

What is

A bony ridge on the posterior surface of the scapula, extending from the acromion to the medial border.

A

Spine of Scapula

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62
Q

What is

The lateral end of the spine of the scapula that forms the highest point of the shoulder.

A

Acromion

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63
Q

What is

A bony projection on the anterior aspect of the scapula, providing attachment for muscles and ligaments.

A

Coracoid Process

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64
Q

What is

A shallow, cup-shaped depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.

A

Glenoid Cavity or Fossa

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65
Q

What is

The edge of the scapula that faces the vertebral column.

A

Medial (Vertebral) Border

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66
Q

What is

The collarbone, a slender bone that connects the sternum to the acromion of the scapula.

A

Clavicle

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67
Q

What is

The end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula.

A

Acromial (Lateral) End

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68
Q

What is

The end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum.

A

Sternal (Medial) End

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69
Q

What is

The long bone of the upper arm or forelimb, extending from the shoulder to the elbow.

A

Humerus

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70
Q

What is

The rounded proximal end of the humerus that fits into the glenoid cavity, and the elongated portion of the bone extending distally.

A

Head, Shaft

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71
Q

What is

Prominent bony projections on the distal end of the humerus, serving as attachment sites for muscles of the forearm.

A

Medial and Lateral Epicondyles

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72
Q

What is

The rounded, knob-like structure on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the head of the radius.

A

Capitulum (Lateral Condyle)

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73
Q

What is

The spool-shaped structure on the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna.

A

Trochlea (Medial Condyle)

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74
Q

What is

A roughened area on the lateral side of the humeral shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches.

A

Deltoid Tuberosity

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75
Q

What is

A large, bony prominence on the proximal end of the humerus, located laterally to the head.

A

Greater Tubercle

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76
Q

What is

A groove located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus, through which the tendon of the biceps brachii passes.

A

Intertubercular Sulcus

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77
Q

What is

The medial bone of the forearm, located on the inner side of the forearm when in the standard anatomical position.

A

Ulna

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78
Q

What is

The prominent bony projection on the proximal end of the ulna, forming the point of the elbow.

A

Olecranon Process (Elbow)

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79
Q

What is

A deep, C-shaped notch on the proximal end of the ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

A

Trochlear Notch

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80
Q

What is

A pointed, bony projection on the distal end of the ulna.

A

Styloid Process

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81
Q

What is

The lateral bone of the forearm, located on the outer side of the forearm when in the standard anatomical position.

A

Radius

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82
Q

What is

A roughened area on the proximal end of the radius where the biceps brachii tendon attaches.

A

Radial Tuberosity

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83
Q

What is

A pointed, bony projection on the distal end of the radius.

A

Styloid Process

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84
Q

What is

A fibrous sheet of connective tissue that connects the shafts of the radius and ulna.

A

Interosseous Membrane

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85
Q

What is

The eight small bones that form the wrist.

A

Carpals

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86
Q

What is

The five bones that form the middle part of the hand, between the wrist and the fingers.

A

Metacarpals

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87
Q

What is

The bones of the fingers and toes.

A

Phalanges

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88
Q

What is

A type of synovial joint that allows movement primarily in one plane, like the elbow.

A

Hinge Joint

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89
Q

What is

A type of synovial joint that allows rotational movement, like the radioulnar joint.

A

Pivot Joint

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90
Q

What is

Synovial joints where an oval-shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity, allowing movement in two planes, such as the wrist joint.

A

Condylar Joints

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91
Q

What is

A synovial joint where the articular surfaces resemble a saddle, allowing movement in two planes, like the thumb joint.

A

Saddle Joint

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92
Q

What is

The fixed attachment point of a muscle, usually proximal.

A

Origin

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93
Q

What is

The movable attachment point of a muscle, usually distal.

A

Insertion

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94
Q

What is

A large, triangular muscle on the back that supports and moves the shoulder blades and extends the neck.

A

Trapezius

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95
Q

What is

A broad, flat muscle on the back that extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm.

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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96
Q

What is

A thick, fan-shaped muscle on the chest that adducts and medially rotates the arm and assists with shoulder flexion.

A

Pectoralis Major

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97
Q

What is

A muscle on the lateral side of the thorax that helps to protract and stabilize the scapula.

A

Serratus Anterior

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98
Q

What is

A large, rounded muscle on the shoulder that abducts, flexes, and extends the arm.

A

Deltoid

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99
Q

What is

A group of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

A

Rotator Cuff Muscles

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100
Q

What is

A rotator cuff muscle that abducts the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.

A

Supraspinatus

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101
Q

What is

A rotator cuff muscle that medially rotates the arm and helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.

A

Subscapularis

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102
Q

What is

A rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates the arm and stabilizes the shoulder joint.

A

Teres Minor

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103
Q

What is

A rotator cuff muscle that laterally rotates the arm and helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.

A

Infraspinatus

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104
Q

What is

A muscle on the front of the upper arm that flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm.

A

Biceps Brachii

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105
Q

What is

A muscle on the back of the upper arm that extends the elbow.

A

Triceps Brachii

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106
Q

What is

A muscle of the forearm that flexes the middle phalanges of the fingers.

A

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

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107
Q

What is

A muscle of the forearm that flexes the thumb.

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus

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108
Q

What is

A muscle of the forearm that extends the fingers.

A

Extensor Digitorum

109
Q

What is

A muscle of the forearm that extends the thumb.

A

Extensor Pollicis Longus

110
Q

What is

The process of obtaining intravenous access for intravenous therapy or venous blood sampling.

A

Venepuncture

111
Q

What is

A major vein in the arm commonly used for venipuncture, located in the cubital fossa.

A

Median Cubital Vein

112
Q

What is

A triangular area on the anterior aspect of the elbow, containing important veins, arteries, and nerves.

A

Cubital Fossa

113
Q

What is

A superficial vein running along the lateral side of the forearm and arm, often used for venipuncture.

A

Cephalic Vein

114
Q

What is

Superficial veins running along the medial side of the forearm and arm, commonly used for venipuncture.

A

Basilic Veins

115
Q

Why is the shoulder joint considered one of the most complex joints in the body?

A

Because it is highly movable and structurally complex, allowing a wide range of motion.

116
Q

Where are most hand movements controlled from?

A

Most hand movements are controlled by muscles located in the forearm, not the hand itself.

117
Q

What is the clinical relevance of understanding upper limb anatomy for healthcare professionals?

A

It helps in managing and treating upper limb injuries, assisting with injections, and educating patients on the use of mobility-restricting devices.

118
Q

What bones make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle?

A

The clavicle and scapula.

119
Q

What is the primary function of the pectoral girdles?

A

To attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

120
Q

How are the scapulae shaped?

A

They are thin and triangular, resembling a spade or shovel.

121
Q

What is the common injury associated with the clavicles?

A

Fractures, which can cause the shoulder to collapse medially.

122
Q

What are the major structures to identify on the scapula?

A

The spine, acromion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity (or fossa), and medial (vertebral) border.

123
Q

What are the major structures to identify on the clavicle?

A

The acromial (lateral) end and sternal (medial) end.

124
Q

Where on the body can you locate the scapula’s spine?

A

On the posterior side of the shoulder blade.

125
Q

Where can you find the acromion on your own body?

A

At the top of the shoulder, forming the highest point of the shoulder blade.

126
Q

What is the acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle?

A

The end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula.

127
Q

Where is the sternal (medial) end of the clavicle located?

A

At the end of the clavicle that articulates with the sternum.

128
Q

How can you identify the glenoid cavity on the scapula?

A

As the shallow, cup-shaped depression that articulates with the head of the humerus.

129
Q

What is the coracoid process on the scapula?

A

A bony projection on the anterior aspect of the scapula.

130
Q

How does the medial (vertebral) border of the scapula appear?

A

It is the edge of the scapula that faces the vertebral column.

131
Q

What might you observe if a clavicle fractures?

A

The shoulder may collapse medially due to the lack of support.

132
Q

How can you locate the spine of the scapula on your own body?

A

Feel for the prominent ridge running across the back of the shoulder blade.

133
Q

Where is the glenoid cavity or fossa found on the scapula?

A

On the lateral side, where the shoulder joint articulates with the humerus.

134
Q
A
135
Q
A
136
Q

What is the primary function of the humerus in the upper limb?

A

It is the longest bone of the upper limb, articulating with the scapula at the shoulder and with the radius and ulna at the elbow.

137
Q

How does the ulna contribute to the elbow joint?

A

The ulna’s trochlear notch articulates with the humeral trochlea, forming a key part of the elbow joint.

138
Q

Which bone is slightly longer: the ulna or the radius?

A

The ulna is slightly longer than the radius.

139
Q

How does the radius affect hand movements?

A

When the radius moves, the hand moves with it, as the radius contributes significantly to wrist movement.

140
Q

What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna?

A

It spans the space between the radius and ulna, providing stability and support.

141
Q

What structures should be identified on the humerus?

A

The head, shaft, medial and lateral epicondyles, capitulum, trochlea, deltoid tuberosity, greater tubercle, and intertubercular sulcus.

142
Q

Where is the deltoid tuberosity located on the humerus?

A

It is a roughened area on the lateral side of the humerus shaft where the deltoid muscle attaches.

143
Q

What is the medial condyle of the humerus called?

A

The trochlea.

144
Q

What is the lateral condyle of the humerus called?

A

The capitulum.

145
Q

How can you identify the olecranon process on the ulna?

A

It is the prominent bony projection at the elbow.

146
Q

What is the role of the radial tuberosity on the radius?

A

It provides an attachment point for the biceps brachii muscle.

147
Q

What is the trochlear notch on the ulna?

A

A deep notch that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus to form the elbow joint.

147
Q

Where is the styloid process located on the ulna and radius?

A

The styloid process is a bony prominence at the distal end of both the ulna and radius.

147
Q

How can you locate the medial and lateral epicondyles on the humerus?

A

Feel for the bony projections on either side of the elbow joint.

148
Q

What should you identify on the radius?

A

The head, radial tuberosity, shaft, and styloid process.

149
Q

Where is the head of the radius found?

A

At the proximal end of the radius, articulating with the capitulum of the humerus.

150
Q

How does the ulna’s role in hand movement compare to the radius?

A

The ulna plays little to no role in hand movements, whereas the radius is crucial for wrist and hand movement.

151
Q

What is the function of the intertubercular sulcus on the humerus?

A

It is a groove that houses the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle.

152
Q
A
153
Q
A
154
Q
A
155
Q

What bones make up the skeleton of the hand?

A

The carpal bones, metacarpals, and phalanges.

156
Q

How many carpal bones are in the wrist?

A

There are eight carpal bones.

157
Q

What type of movement occurs between the carpal bones?

A

Gliding movements.

158
Q

How many metacarpals are there in the hand?

A

There are five metacarpals.

159
Q

Where do the metacarpals radiate from?

A

They radiate from the wrist to form the palm of the hand.

160
Q

What bones are involved in the wrist joint?

A

The radius and the carpal bones.

161
Q

How many phalanges are in each hand?

A

There are fourteen phalanges in total.

162
Q
A
163
Q

What is the articulation that forms the shoulder joint?

A

The glenoid cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus.

164
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

It is a shallow ball and socket joint.

165
Q

What provides stability to the shoulder joint?

A

The tone of the surrounding muscles and their tendons.

166
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

A hinge joint.

167
Q

Which bones articulate at the elbow joint?

A

The humerus, ulna, and radius.

168
Q

What movements are possible at the elbow joint?

A

Flexion and extension.

169
Q

What type of joint are the radioulnar joints?

A

Pivot joints.

170
Q

What movements occur at the radioulnar joints?

A

Rotation

171
Q

What happens to the forearm during supination?

A

The palm faces forwards/upwards, and the radius and ulna are parallel.

172
Q

What happens to the forearm during pronation?

A

The radius crosses over the ulna, and the palm faces backwards/downwards.

173
Q

What type of joint is the wrist joint (radiocarpal)?

A

A condylar joint.

174
Q

What movements are possible at the wrist joint?

A

Flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction.

175
Q

How can you demonstrate wrist flexion and extension?

A

By moving your hand up and down, like during writing.

176
Q

What type of joints are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Condylar joints.

177
Q

What movements can be performed at the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

178
Q

What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

A

A saddle joint.

179
Q

What movements are possible at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition/reposition.

180
Q

What type of joint are the interphalangeal joints?

A

Hinge joints.

181
Q

What movements are possible at the interphalangeal joints?

A

Flexion and extension.

182
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

A

Occipital bone, cervical, and thoracic vertebrae.

183
Q

Where does the trapezius muscle insert?

A

Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.

184
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?

A

Elevation and depression of the scapula, retraction and rotation of the scapula, and extension of the neck.

185
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Iliac crest of the hip bone, lower thoracic, and all lumbar vertebrae (T7-L5).

186
Q

Where does the latissimus dorsi muscle insert?

A

Humerus

187
Q

What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

Adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint.

188
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

Clavicle, sternum, and upper ribs (2-6).

189
Q

Where does the pectoralis major muscle insert?

A

Greater tubercle and intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.

190
Q

What are the actions of the pectoralis major muscle?

A

Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint.

191
Q

What is the origin of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Ribs (1-8/9).

192
Q

Where does the serratus anterior muscle insert?

A

Entire anterior surface of the medial (vertebral) border of the scapula.

193
Q

What are the actions of the serratus anterior muscle?

A

Protraction of the scapula (drawing it forward) and upward rotation of the scapula.

194
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid muscle?

A

Clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula.

195
Q

What is the action of the deltoid muscle?

A

Abduction of the humerus at the shoulder joint.

196
Q

Where does the deltoid muscle insert?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (lateral aspect).

197
Q

What is the primary function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

To stabilize the shoulder joint.

198
Q

What movements do the rotator cuff muscles facilitate?

A

Rotation (medial and lateral) and abduction of the humerus at the shoulder joint.

199
Q

What are the names of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor, and Infraspinatus.

200
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Abduction of the humerus.

201
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis muscle?

A

Medial rotation of the humerus.

202
Q

What is the action of the teres minor muscle?

A

Lateral rotation of the humerus.

203
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Lateral rotation of the humerus.

204
Q

How can you check the contraction of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

By performing actions such as throwing a ball or doing shoulder rotations.

205
Q

Which muscle helps in the flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint?

A

Pectoralis major.

206
Q

Which muscle is involved in the downward rotation of the scapula?

A

Trapezius (inferior fibers).

207
Q

What action of the shoulder joint involves bringing the arm forward and across the chest?

A

Flexion.

208
Q

What action at the shoulder joint involves moving the arm to the side away from the body?

A

Abduction

209
Q

What action at the shoulder joint involves moving the arm back towards the body?

A

Adduction.

210
Q

Which muscle is responsible for the retraction of the scapula?

A

Trapezius (middle fibers).

211
Q

Which muscle action is performed when you make a fist?

A

Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints.

212
Q

What action occurs at the wrist joint when you move your hand towards the thumb?

A

Abduction

213
Q

What is the primary action at the interphalangeal joints of the fingers?

A

Flexion and extension.

214
Q

How does the deltoid muscle contribute to shoulder movements?

A

It primarily facilitates abduction of the humerus.

215
Q

Which muscle is involved in the protraction of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior.

216
Q

What action involves rotating the arm in a circular motion at the shoulder joint?

A

Circumduction.

217
Q
A
218
Q
A
219
Q

Which muscle is a strong flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint?

A

Biceps brachii.

220
Q

What is the major action of the triceps brachii?

A

Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint.

221
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps brachii originate?

A

Scapula, above the glenoid cavity.

222
Q

Where does the triceps brachii insert?

A

Olecranon process of the ulna.

223
Q

Which muscle is involved in strong supination of the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii.

224
Q

Which muscle helps in the abduction of the arm at the shoulder?

A

Deltoid

225
Q
A
226
Q

Where are the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles located?

A

In the anterior compartment of the forearm.

226
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus, ulna, and radius.

227
Q

What is the insertion point of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Anterior surfaces of the phalanges.

228
Q

What action does the flexor digitorum superficialis perform?

A

Flexion of the fingers.

229
Q

Where is the flexor pollicis longus located?

A

In the anterior compartment of the forearm.

230
Q

What is the origin of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Radius (anterior shaft).

231
Q

What is the insertion point of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of the thumb (anterior surface).

232
Q

What action does the flexor pollicis longus perform?

A

Flexion of the thumb.

233
Q

Where are the extensor digitorum muscles located?

A

In the posterior compartment of the forearm.

234
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

235
Q

What is the insertion point of the extensor digitorum?

A

Posterior surfaces of the phalanges.

236
Q

What action does the extensor digitorum perform?

A

Extension of the fingers.

237
Q

Where is the extensor pollicis longus located?

A

In the posterior compartment of the forearm.

238
Q

What is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Ulna (posterior surface).

239
Q

What is the insertion point of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Distal phalanx of the thumb (posterior surface).

240
Q

What action does the extensor pollicis longus perform?

A

Extension of the thumb.

241
Q

Where do the tendons of the flexor muscles pass through at the wrist?

A

Through the carpal tunnel, under the flexor retinaculum.

242
Q

Where do the tendons of the extensor muscles pass through at the wrist?

A

Under the extensor retinaculum.

243
Q
A
244
Q
A
245
Q
A
246
Q

What forms a channel through which the tendons of the wrist and digits travel?

A

The carpal bones.

247
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

A condition resulting from compression of the median nerve due to inflammation of tendons in the carpal tunnel.

248
Q

What vein is commonly used for venepuncture?

A

The median cubital vein.

249
Q

Where is the median cubital vein located?

A

Over the cubital fossa (anterior fold of the elbow).

250
Q

What veins does the median cubital vein connect?

A

The cephalic and basilic veins.

251
Q

What is the purpose of venepuncture?

A

To access the venous circulation for delivering medication or removing a blood sample.

252
Q

The bony prominence on the medial side of the wrist is the _________ __________ of the
_______________.

A

The bony prominence on the medial side of the wrist is the styloid process of the ulna.

253
Q

The scapula articulates with two other bones. These are the __________________ and the ____________________.

A
  1. The scapula articulates with two other bones. These are the clavicle and the humerus.
254
Q

Which bony feature is commonly referred to as the “funny bone”? __________________

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

255
Q

In anatomical position, the radius is _________________________________ to the ulna.

A

In anatomical position, the radius is lateral to the ulna.

256
Q

When the biceps brachii muscle contracts two actions are ____________________ and ____________________.

A

When the biceps brachii muscle contracts two actions are flexion and supination.

257
Q

The extensors of the fingers are located in the ____________________ compartment of the forearm.

A

The extensors of the fingers are located in the posterior compartment of the forearm.

258
Q

The bony prominence above the shoulder joint is the ___________________________.

A

The bony prominence above the shoulder joint is the acromion.

259
Q

Compared to the hip, the shoulder is often dislocated. Why?

A

The hip joint is a deep ball and socket joint, whereas the shoulder joint is a shallow ball and socket joint, and therefore not as stable.

260
Q

The triceps brachii tendon inserts onto the __________________________ process of the ________________.

A

The triceps brachii tendon inserts onto the olecranon process of the ulna.

261
Q

The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts into the __________________ and forms the posterior border of the _____________________.

A

The latissimus dorsi muscle inserts into the humerus and forms the posterior border of the axilla.

262
Q

The humerus, at the shoulder joint, is abducted by the ______________________ muscle.

A

The humerus, at the shoulder joint, is abducted by the deltoid muscle.

263
Q

The muscle that flexes the fingers is the ____________________________________

A

The muscle that flexes the fingers is the flexor digitorum superficialis.

264
Q

One action of the serratus anterior is __________________

A

One action of the serratus anterior is protraction of the scapula.

265
Q

The origin of the extensor pollicis longus is _______________________________

A

The origin of the extensor pollicis longus is posterior surface of the ulna.

266
Q

Blood vessels are often named according to the body region they travel through or the bones they pass near or between. Based on this information, identify the major artery that runs through the upper arm (hint: think “body region”), and two that run through the lower arm (hint: think “bones”).

A
  • Brachial artery
  • Ulnar artery
  • Radial artery
    Blood vessels are often named according to the body region they travel through or bones they pass near or between.

#NUR1114 Bioscience (12 decks)

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