Practical/Applied Flashcards
What order do you administer tests?
Sprint Tests
Agility
Aerobic Capacity Test
Local Muscle Endurance Test
Fatiguing Anaerobic Capacity Test
Non-Fatiguing Tests
Maximal Power and Strength Tests
Non-Fatiguing Tests
Agility
Maximum Power and Strength Tests
Sprint Tests
Local Muscle Endurance Tests
Fatiguing Anaerobic Capacity Tests
Aerobic Capacity Tests
Agility Tests (4):
T-Test
Hexagon Test
Pro-Agility Test
Illinois Agility Test
Maximum Muscular Power Test
Vertical or Standing Long-Jump
1RM Power Clean
Margaria-Kalamen Test
Maximum Strength Test
1RM Back Squat
1RM Bench Press
*2-4 Seconds/Rep
After a successful attempt at a new 1RM, how do you increase load?
Upper - 10-20 lb. (5-10%)
Lower - 30-40 lb (10-20%)
After an unsuccessful attempt at a new 1RM, how do you decrease load?
Upper - 5-10 lb. (2.5-5%)
Lower - 15-20 lb. (5-10%)
Speed Tests
Straight Line Sprint Test
40 yd. Dash - Max Speed
10 yd. Dash - Agility
Note: The 100m Sprint results in demand on metabolic system rather than absolute ability to move the body at max speeds.
Local Muscular Endurance Tests
Partial Curl-Up
Push-Up
YMCA Bench Press Test
Anaerobic Capacity Tests
300-yd. Shuttle Run
Aerobic Capacity Tests
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test
1.5 Mile Run
12-Minute Run
Warm-up: What does RAMP stand for?
Raise, Activate, Mobilize, and Potentiatie
What form of stretching avoids muscle spindle/muscle reflex?
Static Stretching
What form of stretching stimulates the stretch reflex and increases injury risk?
Ballistic Stretching
What form of stretching stimulates the Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)?
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
What form of stretching emphasizes functional movements?
Dynamic Stretching
When to perform static stretching?
After increasing core temperature.
Hold stretch from 15-30 seconds.
How to perform PNF stretching?
Passive Pre-Stretch - 10 Seconds
Isometric Agonist Contraction - 6 Seconds
Static Stretch - 30 Seconds
How do you offset the lower energy cost of walking on a treadmill vs. outdoor?
Raise the gradient by 1%.
What are the effects of contrast therapy?
Decrease DOMS and blood CK activity
Enhanced Sprint Performance
Effects of Cold Therapy
Decrease perception of fatigue (thermoregulation)
Decrease DOMS and blood CK activity
Enhanced sprint performance recovery
Effects of hot and neutral activity?
Minimal research supporting benefits
Effects of massage?
↓ DOMS
↓ Blood CK
↓ Perception of fatigue
Restores max isometric force and peak torque
Effects of stretching?
Modest benefits
Most benefits are not supported
Effects of foam rolling?
Best as a warm-up activity
Minor to negligible effects on performance and recovery
Effects of Cryotherapy?
↓ DOMS
Research lacking or inconsistent
Effects of compression garments?
Enhance recovery of strength, power, and cycling performance
When, how long, and which type to wear remains unclear
Pneumatic Compression
Compression Boots or Sleeves
3x Compression of garments and most often applied sequentially
Minimal Research
What are the five points of contact in a seated or supine positon?
Head
Upper Back
Lower Back/Glutes
Left Foot
Right Foot
When should you exhale during a lift?
During the sticking point (the hardest part of the lift).
When to spot an exercise? (4)
Overhead
Bar on the back
Bar on the front of shoulders
Over the face
What does isokinetic mean?
Constant speed of movement
Force applied varies throughout the range of motion
Note: Accommodating Resistance
You continue the back squat until (3):
- Thighs are parallel
- Trunk begins to round
- Heels rise off the floor
Movement phases of the power clean/snatch
- Starting Position
- End of First Pull
- End of Transition
- End of Second Pull
- Catch
- End Position
During resistance training, when do you exhale and when do you inhale?
Inhale during the eccentric phase
Exhale during the concentric phase
True/False
You should lift the tire similar to a deadlift or clean.
False
What are the two models of plyometrics?
- Natural Elastic Components of Muscle and Tendons
- Stretch Reflex
When stretched, tension or stored energy is created.
Mechanical Model - Elastic Response of Muscle and Tendons
Muscle spindles stimualted by rapid stretch
Neurophysiological Model - Stretch reflex
Uses mechanical and neurophysiological models to rapidly increase muscle recruitment
Stretch-Shortening Cycle
Stretch-Shortening Cycle
Three Phases?
- Eccentric
- Amorization
- Concentric
Stretch of the Agonist
Stretch-Shortening Cycle - Phase 1 - Action
Pause between Phase 1 and Phase 3
Stretch-Shortening Cycle - Amortization - Phase 2
Shortening of the agonist muscle fiber
Stretch-Shortening Cycle - Concentric - Phase 3
Elastic energy is stored in the series elastic component.
Muscle spindles are stimulated
Stretch-Shortening Cycle - Eccentric - Physiological Event
Type Ia afferent nerves synapse with alpha motor neurons
Alpha motor neurons transmit signals to agonist muscle group
Stretch-Shortening Cycle - Amorization - Physiological Event
Elastic energy is released from the series elastic component.
Alpha motor neuron stimulates the agonist muscle group
Stretch-Shortening Cycle - Concentric - Physiological Event
Work to Rest Ratio for Plyometrics
1: 12-1:20 - Between Reps
1: 5-1:10 Between Sets
What are the balance tests to be done before starting plyometrics?
Double or Single Leg for 30-Seconds
Standing
Quarter Squat
Half Squat
What is the proper landing for a plyometric exercise?
Shoulders in front of knees.
Knees in front of toes.
What drills are contraindicated if growth plates are open?
Depth Jumps and High Intensity Drills
What is the typical height for a depth jump?
16-42 inches
When are depth jumps contraindicated?
If growth plates are open.
Athletes ≥ 220 pounds (when height is > 18 inches)
Avoid high volume, high-intensity plyometrics, and depth jumps.
Put plyometrics in order from lowest to greatest intensity:
Box Drills
Bounds
Standing Jumps
Depth Jumps
Jumps in Place
Multiple hops and jumps
Jumps in place
Standing jumps
Multiple hops and jumps
Bounds
Box Drills
Depth Jumps
Put plyometrics in order from lowest to greatest intensity (Upper Body)
Catches
Push-ups
Throws
Throws
Catches
Push-ups
What controls intensity of plyometrics?
Points of Contact (Single vs. Double)
Speed
Height of Drill
Bodyweight
Volume Recommendations for Plyometrics:
Beginner
Intermediate
Advanced
Beginner - 80-100
Intermediate. - 100-120
Advanced - 120-140
What is the recommended frequency for plyometric exercise? How much rest between sessions?
1-3 sessions; 48-72 hours
What is a recommended progression for plyometrics?
Bounds
Standing Jumps
Jumps in Place
Multiple Hops and Jumps
Box Drills
Jumps in Place
Standing Jumps
Multiple Hops and Jumps
Bounds
Box Drills
What is a typical length for plyometrics?
6-10 Weeks
The skills and abilities to needed to achieve high movement velocities.
Speed
The skills and abilities needed to explosively change movement direction, velocities, or modes.
Change of Direction
The skills and abilities needed to change movement direction, velocities, or modes in response to a stimulus.
Agility
Impulse
Impulse = Force x Time
What are the two phases during running?
Flight Phase
Support Phase
Running speed is the interaction of what two factors?
Stride Length
Stride Frequency
Elite runners have (faster/slower) stride frequency and (shorter/longer) strides.
Faster Frequency
Longer Strides
What two factors contribute to linear sprinting?
Start and Acceleration
Maximal Velocity
What two factors occur during the flight phase?
Recovery
Ground Preparation
What two factors occur during the support phase?
Eccentric Braking
Concentric Propulsion
During an sprint, at what distance should the sprinter be nearly upright?
20m
Elite sprinters have:
_______ Stride Rates
_______ Stride Lengths
_______ Ground Contact Time
Higher
Longer
Shorter
What is the muscle action during the early flight phase?
Eccentric Hip Flexion
Eccentric Knee Extension
What is the purpose of eccentric hip flexion during the early flight phase?
Decelerates backward rotation of the thigh
What is the purpose of eccentric knee extension during the early flight phase?
Decelerates the backward motion of the leg and foot.
What is the muscle action during midflight?
Concentric Hip Flexion
Eccentric Knee Extension → Eccentric Knee Flexion
What is the purpose of concentric hip flexion during midflight?
Accelerates the thigh forward