Chapter 4 - Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise

Question 1

Refers to how the adrenal gland responds to a noxious stimulus (stressor).

Answer 1

General Adaptations Syndrome

Question 2

Principle endorine glands and glands that secrete hormones:

Answer 2

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Gland

Heart

Liver

Adrenal Glands

Pancreas

Kidneys

Testes (Male)

Ovaries (Female)

Question 3

Anabolic Hormones

Answer 3

Insulin

Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGFs)

Testosterone

Growth Hormone

Question 4

Catabloic Hormones

Answer 4

Cortisol

Progesterone

Question 5

Three (3) Categories of Hormones:

Answer 5

Steroid

Polypeptide

Amine

Question 6

A _______ hormone passiely diffuses across the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber.

Answer 6

Steroid

Question 7

A ______ hormone binds with its receptor to form a hormone-receptor complex (H-RC).

Answer 7

Steroid

Question 8

During ______ hormone interactioons, H-RC arrives at the genetic material on the cell’s nuleus and “opens” it in order to expose transcriptional units that code for synthesis of specific proteins.

Answer 8

Steroid

Question 9

During steroid hormone interactions, ____ ____ ____ binds to the promoter that is associated with the specific upstream regulatory elements for the H-RC.

Answer 9

RNA Polymerase II

Question 10

During steroid hormone interactions, ____ ____ ____ transcibes the gene by coding for the protein dicated by the steroid hormone

Answer 10

RNA Polymerase II

Question 11

During steroid hormone interactions, ______ is processed and moves into the sarcoplasm of the cell, where it is translated into protein.

Answer 11

mRNA

Question 12

_____ hormones are made up of chains of amino acids.

Examples: Growth Hormone and Insulin

Answer 12

Polypeptide

Question 13

During polypeptide hormone interactions (are/are not) fat soluble and thus cannot cross the cell membrane.

Answer 13

Are not

Question 14

During polypeptide hormone interactions, use _____ _____ _____-_____ signaling pathway.

Answer 14

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Dependent (cyclic-AMP-dependent/cAMP)

Question 15

During polypeptide hormone interactions, cytokine-activated ____/____ signaling pathway.

Answer 15

JAK/STAT

Question 16

During polypeptide hormone interactions, protptypical growth factor, ____-____ signaling pathway.

Answer 16

Mitogen-activated

Question 17

_____ hormone interactions are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine or tryptophan.

Examples:

Tyrosine - Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine

Tryptophan - Serotonin

Answer 17

Amine

Question 18

Hormone receptors are less sensitive when: (3)

Answer 18

1. The physiological function to be affected is already close to a genetic maximum.
2. Resting homrone levels are chronically elevated due to disease or exogenous drug use.
3. Mistakes are made in exercise prescriptions.

Question 19

Mechanisms contributing to changes in peripheral blood concentrations of hormones:

Answer 19

1. Fluid volume shifts.
2. Tissue clearance rates.
3. Hormonal degradation.
4. Venous pooling of blood.
5. Interactions with binding proteins in the blood.

Question 20

What are the three primary homrones involved in muscle tissue growth and remodeling:

Answer 20

1. Testosterone
2. Growth Hormone (GH)
3. Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGFs)

Question 21

What is the primary hormone that interacts with skeletal muscle tissue?

Answer 21

Testosterone

Question 22

What are testosterone’s effects on muscle tissue?

Answer 22

Growth Hormone response that lead to protein synthesis, increased strength and size of skeletal muscle, increased force production potential and muscle mass.

Question 23

What are testosterone’s diurnal variations in men and women?

Answer 23

Men - Exercise later in the day is more effective for increasing overall testosterone concentrations over an entire day.

Women - Lower concentrations with ltttle variation throughout the day.