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Poultry Pathology Practical > Practical 5 - Turkey > Flashcards

Practical 5 - Turkey Flashcards

1
Q

At what age does the turkey reach the breeding maturity?

A

28-30 weeks of age

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2
Q

Name the different structures of the Turkey:

A
  1. Caruncles
  2. Snood
  3. Wattle
  4. Major caruncle
  5. Beard
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3
Q

What is a young turkey called?

A

Poult

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4
Q

What is a female turkey called?

A

Hen

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5
Q

What is a male turkey called?

A

Tom

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6
Q

Name important diseases of turkey:

A
  • Enteric disease
  • Turkey haemorrhagic enteritis
  • Histomonosis
  • Locomotor problems
  • Respiratory diseases
  • Avian pox
  • Different technopathies
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7
Q

What type of clinical symptoms can be seen of the enteric disease in turkeys?

A

On flock there is two different diseases: PEC and PEMS

PEC: We can see huddling, diarrhoea, immunosuppression

PEMS: The mortality is up to 100%

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8
Q

What is the mortality of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome?

A

100%

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9
Q

What is PEC?

A

Poult enteritis complex

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10
Q

What is PEMS?

A

Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome

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11
Q

What is the cause of enteric disease in turkey?

A

Viruses and due to a secondary bacterial infection, such as E.coli

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12
Q

What is turkey haemorrhagic enteritis?

A

It is an acute disorder affecting young turkeys, over 4 weeks old

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13
Q

What is the pathogen of Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis?

A

Adenoviridae, sidaenovirus and turkey adenovirus 3

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14
Q

How is Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis infected?

A

orally

Incubation period is 5-6 days

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15
Q

What is the key clinical sign of Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis?

A

Bloody diarrhoea

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16
Q

Pathological findings of Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis:

A
  • Anaemia
  • Blood in the intestines
  • Splenomegaly
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17
Q

What is histomonosis?

A

Also called the black leg disease, if affects young turkeys - 1-4 months of age.

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18
Q

What causes histomonosis?

A

Histomonas meleagridis

Heterakis gallinarum

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19
Q

Clincal signs of Histomonosis:

A

Sulfur-yellow diarrhoea

Anorexia, depression, head carried low causing cyanosis

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20
Q

Pathological findings of histomonosis:

A

Typhlohepatitis

In the ceca: enlarged, thickening of walls, firm, ulcerative and caseonecrotic lesions

In the liver: necrotic target-like lesions with raised edges and a depressed center

21
Q

What are the most common locomotor prblems in a turkey?

A

– Rickets (rachitis)
– Arthritis and tenosynovitis
– Kinky back disease

22
Q

What can we typical see if the turker has rickets?

A

-Costal beads = beading of the costochondral joints

  • Curved carina sterni
23
Q

What is Arthritis and tenosynovitis

A

Arthritis is a progressive condition that appears as early as 10-12 weeks of age

Tenosynovitis is just another name for it

24
Q

What causes Arthritis and tenosynovitis?

A

Mycoplasma synoviae

25
Clinical signs of Arthritis and tenosynovitis:
– Uneven growth of birds – Signs of limping – (Respiratory signs)
26
Pathological findings in case of Arthritis and tenosynovitis:
Orginially we see swollen joints and in turkeys we see a a viscous exudate, then creamy even cheesy or fibrinopurulent, in the joints
27
What is kinky back?
One of vertebrae's slips forward
28
Another name for kinky back
Spondylolisthesis
29
Who is more prone to get Spondylolisthesis?
Males, at the end of broiler period
30
What causes Spondylolisthesis?
Developmental problems due to rapid growth rate
31
What is a consequence/clinical signs of Spondylolisthesis?
posterior paresis and paralysis
32
Which vertebrae is most important in Spondylolisthesis?
Th4, it displaces causing a pinched spinal cord
33
Pathologically, what can we find during a necropsy?
– displacement of the 4th thoracic vertebra resulting in a pinched spinal cord – spondylolisthesis, spinal cord compression
34
How is spondylolisthesis best confirmed?
By splitting the spinal column along a longitudinal midline to allow visualization of the spinal cord compression
35
Name important respiratory diseases in turkeys
– Turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) – Mycoplasmosis – Pneumomycosis
36
How many different types of mycoplasmosis can we see in turkeys?
3. – Meleagridis mycoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma meleagridis – Embryopathy and air sacculitis in poult caused by Mycoplasma iowae – Infectious synovitis caused by Mycoplasma synoviae
37
What is Turkey rhinotracheitis?
A upper respiratory tract infection
38
What causes Turkey rhinotracheitis?
Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) due to a secondary e.coli infection
39
Clinical signs of Turkey rhinotracheitis?
Respiratory symptoms
40
What is meleagridis mycoplasmosis?
primarily causes an egg-transmitted infection that leads to embyronic death. turkeys that leads to airsacculitis in the offspring or embryonic death.
41
If the embryo survives the meleagridis mycoplasmosis, what can it cause?
airsacculitis in the offspring or intrusion of the cervico-clavicular air sac in the 5th-12th cervical vertebrae causing an abnormal bone growth
42
What is the causative agent of respiratory mycoplasmosis in turkes?
Mycoplasma meleagridis
43
Pathological findings due to mycoplasmosis:
Air sacculitis the mortality is high during hatching
44
What is the avian pox?
It causes lesions (wart-like growths) on the unfeathered parts of the bird's body and, in some cases, the mouth, larynx, and/or trachea
45
What causes avian pox?
Fowlpox virus (Avipoxvirus, Poxviridae)
46
What is the pathogenesis of avian pox?
The infected turkey will develop viraemia I which replicates in the organs. Eventually they will reach viraemia II, and the pox will "bloom"
47
Clinical signs of avian pox:
– Cutaneous form – Diphtheritic form – Systemic form
48
What can be seen in turkeys due to Technopathies?
* Salt poisoning * Pododermatitis * Phytotrichobezoar in the gizzard * Cutting the beak, causing necrosis, gangrene, pain * Strangulation by string
49
what is the main problem leading to salt poisoning for newly hatched turkeys?
Not mixing the feed well enough.

Poultry Pathology Practical (10 decks)

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