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Poultry Pathology Practical > Pracitcal 3 - Waterfowl > Flashcards

Pracitcal 3 - Waterfowl Flashcards

1
Q

Name diseases that occur in earlier stage of life of waterfowl

A

Derzsy’s disease
Duck plague
Anatipestifer disease
Erysipelas

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2
Q

Name diseases that occur in later stage of life of waterfowl

A

Fowl cholera
Borreliosis
Ornithosis
Amyloidosis
Botulism
Ornithosis

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3
Q

What is Derzsy’s disease?

A

It is an infectious viral GI-tract disease

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4
Q

Which virus causes Derzsy’s disease?

A

Parvovirus

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5
Q

Which age is mainly affected by Derzsy’s disease?

A

1-4 week old geese, but all ages are suspectible

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6
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Derzsy’s disease?

A

Infection happens either transovarial or orofaecal, causing virus enteritis viremia, which is when the virus enters the bloodstream and therefore also the organs.

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7
Q

What does it mean when an infections happen “transovarial”?

A

the transmission of an infectious agent from parent to offspring

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8
Q

What does it mean when an infections happen “orofecal”?

A

the virus in fecal particles can pass from one bords moth to the mouth of another

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9
Q

What are clinical signs of Derzsy’s disease?

A
  • CNS symptoms, seizures and opisthotonus
  • Enteral form symptoms, diarrhoea and dehydration
  • Disorders in feather formation
  • Immunosupression in case of secondary infections
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10
Q

What is opisthotonus?

A

A spasm causing the body to arch backwards so that the head touches the back.

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11
Q

What are pathological findings of Derzsy’s disease?

A
  • Liver damage, and therefore CNS symtpoms
  • Heart damage
  • Straw.coloured serum on the body cavity
  • Dehydration
  • mucosal necrosis
  • fibrinous pseudomembrane
  • fibrinous enteritis
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12
Q

What is the duck plague?

A

It is an acute and often severe disease

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13
Q

Which virus causes duck plague?

A
  • Herpesviridae
  • Alphaherpesvirus
  • Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1
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14
Q

What is another name for the duck plague?

A

Duck Viral Enteritis

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15
Q

which type of birds are most suspectible?

A

Ducks and geese, especially swans, wild goose and teal (=wild ducks)

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16
Q

If a bird is infected, will it be cured?

A

Infected birds will be lifelong carries with the plague.

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17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of the duck plague?

A

It infects orally and it causes viremia.

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18
Q

Clinical symptoms of duck plague:

A

Drowsiness, emaciation, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, diarrhoea - bloody.

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19
Q

What are the pathological findings of duck plague?

A
  • Multiple hemorrhages
    – Fibrinous pseudo membranes on the mucous membrane in the esophagus
    – Fibrinous pseudo membranes on the mucous membrane in the cloaca
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20
Q

What is Anatipestifer disease?

A

It is an septicaemic disease

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21
Q

Which age groups will be affected by Anatipestifer disease?

A

Ducklings and goslings, sometimes also in young turkeys and chickens.

It need a predisposing factor, such as harvesting feathers.

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22
Q

which virus causes Anatipestifer disease?

A

Riemerella anatipestifer

Gram -, Facultative pathogenic

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23
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Anatipestifer disease?

A

The bird will be infected orally or via wounds. They will develop septicaemia, it will cause blood vessel damage and eventually serofibrinous inflammation

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24
Q

Clinical signs of Anatipestifer disease:

A

– lacrimation
- nasal discharge
- diarrhoea
– locomotion disorder

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25
Pathological findings of Anatipestifer disease:
- Septicemia – Serofibrinous inflammation of serous membranes, joints, tendon sheats and leptomeninges
26
What is Avian erysipelas?
A bacterial infection causing locomotion disorders in young and older ducks and geeses
27
Which bacteria causes Avian erysipelas?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Gram +
28
Clinical signs of Avian erysipelas:
- Sudden death - Lacrimation - Locomotion disorders
29
Pathological findings of Avian erysipelas:
3 different stages of the disease: early, late and later stage Early: Signs of septicaemia Middle: Later: If they survive speticaemia Signs of septicaemia: » Petechial hemorrhages under the serosa » Septic splenitis » Serous hepatitis More protracted case: » Necrotic foci in the liver » Perihepatitis If they survive septicemia: » Arthritis » Endocarditis
30
What is fowl cholera?
It is an infectious avian disease caused by the bacterium.
31
Which bacteria causes fowl cholera?
Pasteurella multocida Gram -
32
Which specie is most and less sensitive to fowl cholera?
Most: Turkey Less: Chickens Turkey>duck, goose>chicken The susceptibility increases with age.
33
Another name for fowl cholera?
pasteurellosis
34
There are both acute and chronic pasteurellosis, explain the difference
Acute= Virulent strains, it has to be introduced to the flock Chronic = – facultative pathogenic strains. It needs predisposing factors and have carriers.
35
Explain the pathogenesis of fowl cholera
The disease causes septicemia, which will develop bacterial endotoxin which either will develop multiple haemorrhages or shock.
36
Clinical signs of fowl cholera:
Peracute: » sudden death » high mortality Acute case » high mortality » drowsiness, emaciation Chronic cases » cachexia » arthritis
37
Pathological findings of fowl cholera:
Peracute – Normal spleen – There may be petechial hemorrhages under the epicardium Acute – Septic splenitis – Subepicardial petechiae or suffusions – Inflammatory-necrotic foci in the liver Chronic – Affect just certain organs, such as lungs, air sacs, oviduct, joints
38
What is amyloidosis?
It is a rare disease that occurs when a protein called amyloid builds up in organs
39
Which of the poultry is most prone to Amyloidosis?
Vaccinated ducks and geese
40
which organs is mostly affected by Amyloidosis?
Liver, spleen and intestine
41
Pathological findings of Amyloidosis in liver:
Larger Firmer Paler due to compression of blood vessels Might be yellowish due to fatty degeneration or greenish due to compression of the bile ducts
42
Pathological findings of Amyloidosis in Spleen:
Larger Firmer/softer Paler/darker
43
Pathological findings of Amyloidosis in intestines:
Amyloid deposits on the wall of capillaries in the propria of intestinal villi causes vascular damage, which results in a fibrinous pseudomembrane
44
What is borreliosis?
It is an acute, highly fatal septicemic disease of birds caused by a bacterium
45
Which bacteria causes Borreliosis?
Borelia anserina
46
Which species is Borreliosis most common?
Goose and ducks, sometimes in chicken and turkey too
47
Another name for Borreliosis?
spirochaetosis
48
Clinical signs of Borreliosis:
Acute » Anemia » somnolency = fowl sleeping sickness Chronic » diarrhea, » cachexia
49
What can be found during necropsy?
Necrotic foci and infarcts in the liver (map-like in goose) and spleen Anaemia, causing septic splenitis
50
What is Ornithosis?
A very contagious disease caused by bacteria
51
Which bacteria icauses Ornithosis?
Chlamydia psittaci
52
another name for Ornithosis
chlamydiosis or psittacosis
53
Who is more susceptible to Ornithosis?
Turkey, young goose and duck and all wild species. It is a zoonotoc disease, which is spread by dried feces
54
What is the pathogenesis of Ornithosis?
Infected orally, causing proliferation and eventually speticaemia. Incubation time: 5-14 days
55
Clinical signs of Ornithosis:
» drowsiness » mottled feathers » emaciation » diarrhea » weight loss » respiratory symptoms
56
What can be found during necropsy?
* Cachexia * Rhinitis * air sacculitis * Pericarditis * perihepatitis * Necrotic foci in the liver and spleen
57
What is botulism?
A serious illness caused by a toxin that attacks the body's nerves and causes difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis, and even death
58
Which pathogen causes botulism?
Clostridium botulinum Gram +, anaerobic It is an intoxication, not an infection and it results from ingestion of toxin
59
Who is more susceptible of Botulism?
Bird and mammals
60
What is the pathogenesis of botulism?
The bacteria grows and it produces toxins, it is ingested and infects the motor centre in the medulla and the passage of impulses form nerves to motor endplates causing paralysis
61
Clinical signs of botulism:
Fatal motor paralysis, until they die from suffocation
62
Pathological findings of botulism
* Pulmonary congestion * Pulmonary oedema * Subepicardial petechiae
63
Name some Technopathies that can occur:
- Cutting nails - Pododermatitis - Harvesting feathers - Perforation of the gizzard - Lesions related to forced feeding
64
Who is most prone to get disease due to cutting nails?
Birds of younger age.
65
Clinical sign of inaccurate nail cutting:
Lameness
66
Pathological finding of inaccurate nail cutting
Osteomyelitis
67
what predisposes to Pododermatitis?
Diarrhoea
68
What is the pathogenesis of Pododermatitis?
Fecal contamination causing disturbance of keratinization. It will develop to deep inflammation and will occur due to pressure of the bodyweight.
69
When is it most common to observe Technopathies due to harvesting feathers?
Few days after plucking
70
What types of Technopathies due to harvesting feathers can we see?
We can either see development of wound infection or the bird could become cold and develop hypoglycaemia.
71
In which specie is it most common to see a perforated gizzard?
Goose
72
What is the most common cause of a perforated gizzard?
The bird swallowed foreign bodies, mostly due to lack of fibre in the feed.
73
Which type of lesions can we see due to forced feeding?
– hepatomegaly = enlarhed liver due to fatty infiltration of the liver Candidiasis in the esophagus due to mucosal trauma in case of inappropriate feeding
74
Another name for forced feeding:
Gavage
75
Name some lesions in the genital tract of breeding birds
- Inflammation of the cloaca - Phallus necrosis
76
Who develops Phallus necrosis?
- Ganders = male goose - Drakes = male duck
77
What is the pathogenesis of Phallus necrosis?
abnormal keeping of the birds, causing the mating to not happen on water. Lack of fibres in the feed causes injured tail feathers Contaminated environments
78
Pathological findings of Phallus necrosis:
Hyperkeratosis parakeratosis oedema necrosis

Poultry Pathology Practical (10 decks)

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