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Poultry Pathology Practical > Pracitcal 3 - Waterfowl > Flashcards

Pracitcal 3 - Waterfowl Flashcards

1
Q

Name diseases that occur in earlier stage of life of waterfowl

A

Derzsy’s disease
Duck plague
Anatipestifer disease
Erysipelas

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2
Q

Name diseases that occur in later stage of life of waterfowl

A

Fowl cholera
Borreliosis
Ornithosis
Amyloidosis
Botulism
Ornithosis

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3
Q

What is Derzsy’s disease?

A

It is an infectious viral GI-tract disease

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4
Q

Which virus causes Derzsy’s disease?

A

Parvovirus

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5
Q

Which age is mainly affected by Derzsy’s disease?

A

1-4 week old geese, but all ages are suspectible

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6
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Derzsy’s disease?

A

Infection happens either transovarial or orofaecal, causing virus enteritis viremia, which is when the virus enters the bloodstream and therefore also the organs.

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7
Q

What does it mean when an infections happen “transovarial”?

A

the transmission of an infectious agent from parent to offspring

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8
Q

What does it mean when an infections happen “orofecal”?

A

the virus in fecal particles can pass from one bords moth to the mouth of another

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9
Q

What are clinical signs of Derzsy’s disease?

A
  • CNS symptoms, seizures and opisthotonus
  • Enteral form symptoms, diarrhoea and dehydration
  • Disorders in feather formation
  • Immunosupression in case of secondary infections
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10
Q

What is opisthotonus?

A

A spasm causing the body to arch backwards so that the head touches the back.

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11
Q

What are pathological findings of Derzsy’s disease?

A
  • Liver damage, and therefore CNS symtpoms
  • Heart damage
  • Straw.coloured serum on the body cavity
  • Dehydration
  • mucosal necrosis
  • fibrinous pseudomembrane
  • fibrinous enteritis
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12
Q

What is the duck plague?

A

It is an acute and often severe disease

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13
Q

Which virus causes duck plague?

A
  • Herpesviridae
  • Alphaherpesvirus
  • Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1
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14
Q

What is another name for the duck plague?

A

Duck Viral Enteritis

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15
Q

which type of birds are most suspectible?

A

Ducks and geese, especially swans, wild goose and teal (=wild ducks)

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16
Q

If a bird is infected, will it be cured?

A

Infected birds will be lifelong carries with the plague.

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17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of the duck plague?

A

It infects orally and it causes viremia.

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18
Q

Clinical symptoms of duck plague:

A

Drowsiness, emaciation, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, diarrhoea - bloody.

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19
Q

What are the pathological findings of duck plague?

A
  • Multiple hemorrhages
    – Fibrinous pseudo membranes on the mucous membrane in the esophagus
    – Fibrinous pseudo membranes on the mucous membrane in the cloaca
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20
Q

What is Anatipestifer disease?

A

It is an septicaemic disease

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21
Q

Which age groups will be affected by Anatipestifer disease?

A

Ducklings and goslings, sometimes also in young turkeys and chickens.

It need a predisposing factor, such as harvesting feathers.

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22
Q

which virus causes Anatipestifer disease?

A

Riemerella anatipestifer

Gram -, Facultative pathogenic

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23
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Anatipestifer disease?

A

The bird will be infected orally or via wounds. They will develop septicaemia, it will cause blood vessel damage and eventually serofibrinous inflammation

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24
Q

Clinical signs of Anatipestifer disease:

A

– lacrimation
- nasal discharge
- diarrhoea
– locomotion disorder

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25
Q

Pathological findings of Anatipestifer disease:

A
  • Septicemia
    – Serofibrinous inflammation of serous membranes, joints, tendon sheats and leptomeninges
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26
Q

What is Avian erysipelas?

A

A bacterial infection causing locomotion disorders in young and older ducks and geeses

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27
Q

Which bacteria causes Avian erysipelas?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Gram +

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28
Q

Clinical signs of Avian erysipelas:

A
  • Sudden death
  • Lacrimation
  • Locomotion disorders
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29
Q

Pathological findings of Avian erysipelas:

A

3 different stages of the disease: early, late and later stage

Early: Signs of septicaemia
Middle:
Later: If they survive speticaemia

Signs of septicaemia:
» Petechial hemorrhages under the serosa
» Septic splenitis
» Serous hepatitis

More protracted case:
» Necrotic foci in the liver
» Perihepatitis

If they survive septicemia:
» Arthritis
» Endocarditis

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30
Q

What is fowl cholera?

A

It is an infectious avian disease caused by the bacterium.

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31
Q

Which bacteria causes fowl cholera?

A

Pasteurella multocida

Gram -

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32
Q

Which specie is most and less sensitive to fowl cholera?

A

Most: Turkey
Less: Chickens

Turkey>duck, goose>chicken

The susceptibility increases with age.

33
Q

Another name for fowl cholera?

A

pasteurellosis

34
Q

There are both acute and chronic pasteurellosis, explain the difference

A

Acute= Virulent strains, it has to be introduced to the flock

Chronic = – facultative pathogenic strains. It needs predisposing factors and have carriers.

35
Q

Explain the pathogenesis of fowl cholera

A

The disease causes septicemia, which will develop bacterial endotoxin which either will develop multiple haemorrhages or shock.

36
Q

Clinical signs of fowl cholera:

A

Peracute:
» sudden death
» high mortality

Acute case
» high mortality
» drowsiness, emaciation

Chronic cases
» cachexia
» arthritis

37
Q

Pathological findings of fowl cholera:

A

Peracute
– Normal spleen
– There may be petechial hemorrhages under the epicardium

Acute
– Septic splenitis
– Subepicardial petechiae or suffusions
– Inflammatory-necrotic foci in the liver

Chronic
– Affect just certain organs, such as lungs, air sacs, oviduct, joints

38
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

It is a rare disease that occurs when a protein called amyloid builds up in organs

39
Q

Which of the poultry is most prone to Amyloidosis?

A

Vaccinated ducks and geese

40
Q

which organs is mostly affected by Amyloidosis?

A

Liver, spleen and intestine

41
Q

Pathological findings of Amyloidosis in liver:

A

Larger
Firmer
Paler due to compression of blood vessels
Might be yellowish due to fatty degeneration or greenish due to compression of the bile ducts

42
Q

Pathological findings of Amyloidosis in Spleen:

A

Larger
Firmer/softer
Paler/darker

43
Q

Pathological findings of Amyloidosis in intestines:

A

Amyloid deposits on the wall of capillaries in the propria of intestinal villi causes vascular damage, which results in a fibrinous pseudomembrane

44
Q

What is borreliosis?

A

It is an acute, highly fatal septicemic disease of birds caused by a bacterium

45
Q

Which bacteria causes Borreliosis?

A

Borelia anserina

46
Q

Which species is Borreliosis most common?

A

Goose and ducks, sometimes in chicken and turkey too

47
Q

Another name for Borreliosis?

A

spirochaetosis

48
Q

Clinical signs of Borreliosis:

A

Acute
» Anemia
» somnolency = fowl sleeping sickness

Chronic
» diarrhea,
» cachexia

49
Q

What can be found during necropsy?

A

Necrotic foci and infarcts in the liver (map-like in goose) and spleen

Anaemia, causing septic splenitis

50
Q

What is Ornithosis?

A

A very contagious disease caused by bacteria

51
Q

Which bacteria icauses Ornithosis?

A

Chlamydia psittaci

52
Q

another name for Ornithosis

A

chlamydiosis or psittacosis

53
Q

Who is more susceptible to Ornithosis?

A

Turkey, young goose and duck and all wild species. It is a zoonotoc disease, which is spread by dried feces

54
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Ornithosis?

A

Infected orally, causing proliferation and eventually speticaemia.

Incubation time: 5-14 days

55
Q

Clinical signs of Ornithosis:

A

» drowsiness
» mottled feathers
» emaciation
» diarrhea
» weight loss
» respiratory symptoms

56
Q

What can be found during necropsy?

A
  • Cachexia
  • Rhinitis
  • air sacculitis
  • Pericarditis
  • perihepatitis
  • Necrotic foci in the liver and spleen
57
Q

What is botulism?

A

A serious illness caused by a toxin that attacks the body’s nerves and causes difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis, and even death

58
Q

Which pathogen causes botulism?

A

Clostridium botulinum

Gram +, anaerobic

It is an intoxication, not an infection and it results from ingestion of toxin

59
Q

Who is more susceptible of Botulism?

A

Bird and mammals

60
Q

What is the pathogenesis of botulism?

A

The bacteria grows and it produces toxins, it is ingested and infects the motor centre in the medulla and the passage of impulses form nerves to motor endplates causing paralysis

61
Q

Clinical signs of botulism:

A

Fatal motor paralysis, until they die from suffocation

62
Q

Pathological findings of botulism

A
  • Pulmonary congestion
  • Pulmonary oedema
  • Subepicardial petechiae
63
Q

Name some Technopathies that can occur:

A
  • Cutting nails
  • Pododermatitis
  • Harvesting feathers
  • Perforation of the gizzard
  • Lesions related to forced feeding
64
Q

Who is most prone to get disease due to cutting nails?

A

Birds of younger age.

65
Q

Clinical sign of inaccurate nail cutting:

A

Lameness

66
Q

Pathological finding of inaccurate nail cutting

A

Osteomyelitis

67
Q

what predisposes to Pododermatitis?

A

Diarrhoea

68
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Pododermatitis?

A

Fecal contamination causing disturbance of keratinization. It will develop to deep inflammation and will occur due to pressure of the bodyweight.

69
Q

When is it most common to observe Technopathies due to harvesting feathers?

A

Few days after plucking

70
Q

What types of Technopathies due to
harvesting feathers can we see?

A

We can either see development of wound infection or the bird could become cold and develop hypoglycaemia.

71
Q

In which specie is it most common to see a perforated gizzard?

A

Goose

72
Q

What is the most common cause of a perforated gizzard?

A

The bird swallowed foreign bodies, mostly due to lack of fibre in the feed.

73
Q

Which type of lesions can we see due to forced feeding?

A

– hepatomegaly = enlarhed liver due to fatty infiltration of the liver

Candidiasis in the esophagus due to mucosal trauma in case of inappropriate feeding

74
Q

Another name for forced feeding:

A

Gavage

75
Q

Name some lesions in the genital tract of breeding birds

A
  • Inflammation of the cloaca
  • Phallus necrosis
76
Q

Who develops Phallus necrosis?

A
  • Ganders = male goose
  • Drakes = male duck
77
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Phallus necrosis?

A

abnormal keeping of the birds, causing the mating to not happen on water.

Lack of fibres in the feed causes injured tail feathers

Contaminated environments

78
Q

Pathological findings of Phallus necrosis:

A

Hyperkeratosis
parakeratosis
oedema
necrosis

Poultry Pathology Practical (10 decks)

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